Biodiesel from plant seed oils as an alternate fuel for compression ignition engines—a review

Abstract

The modern scenario reveals that the world is facing energy crisis due to the dwindling sources of fossil fuels. Environment protection agencies are more concerned about the atmospheric pollution due to the burning of fossil fuels. Alternative fuel research is getting augmented because of the above reasons. Plant seed oils (vegetable oils) are cleaner, sustainable, and renewable. So, it can be the most suitable alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines. This paper reviews the availability of different types of plant seed oils, several methods for production of biodiesel from vegetable oils, and its properties. The different types of oils considered in this review are cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) oil, ginger oil, eucalyptus oil, rice bran oil, Calophyllum inophyllum, hazelnut oil, sesame oil, clove stem oil, sardine oil, honge oil, polanga oil, mahua oil, rubber seed oil, cotton seed oil, neem oil, jatropha oil, egunsi melon oil, shea butter, linseed oil, Mohr oil, sea lemon oil, pumpkin oil, tobacco seed oil, jojoba oil, and mustard oil. Several methods for production of biodiesel are transesterification, pre-treatment, pyrolysis, and water emulsion are discussed. The various fuel properties considered for review such as specific gravity, viscosity, calorific value, flash point, and fire point are presented. The review also portrays advantages, limitations, performance, and emission characteristics of engine using plant seed oil biodiesel are discussed. Finally, the modeling and optimization of engine for various biofuels with different input and output parameters using artificial neural network, response surface methodology, and Taguchi are included.

Fruit consumption and seed dispersal of Caryocar brasilense (Caryocaraceae) by Caracara plancus (Falconidae)

“…The pequi fruit (Caryocar brasiliensis, also known as souari nut) is used in many different ways (Ferreira et al, 2017), including consumption human food, as a component of commercial animal food, and in folk medicine (for a thorough review, see Almeida and Silva, 1994). The pequi also exhibits the potential to be used in biodiesel production, due to a large number of oil components in its fruits (Mujeeb et al, 2016;Vijayakumar et al, 2016). Despite of its importance, this species is affected by the low dispersal rates of their seeds.…”

The Potential Pharmacological and Medicinal Properties of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) in the Drug Development of Phytomedicine

“…Based on the insecticidal property's neem is widely used in most part of Asia as a traditional remedy against maggots and head lice [30]. In Haiti, studies have shown that, crushed leaves, decoctions, are rubbed into open wounds and injured cuts [11,66].…”

Thermal and Chemical Exhaust Gas Recirculation Potential of Punnai Oil Biodiesel Fuelled Diesel Engine For Environmental Sustainability

“…Using large volumes of petroleum derivatives like diesel causes them to go extinct in the next [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] years. Because of their high thermal e ciency, diesel engines have an extensive choice of uses in the transportation industry (Vijayakumar et al 2016). According to the studies (Ramakrishnan et al 2018; Sharma and Duraisamy 2019; Ulusoy 2020; Chatterjee et al 2021), India is one of the major oil importers and consumers.…”