Biodegradation of Sheep Wool Geotextiles Designed for Erosion Control

Abstract

Wool geotextiles were formed from the meandrically arranged thick ropes and used as erosion control products. The geotextiles were installed in the experimental sites to protect the endangered slopes and the bank of ditches. Additionally, as a reinforcement of the soil, loose wool fibres were applied. The progress of wool biodegradation on the slope was investigated. Changes in the outer appearance, mechanical parameters, molecular structure and fibre morphology were analysed. Moreover, the nitrogen content in the soil and the effect of compounds released into soil on the grass growth were studied. The measurements revealed that the biodegradation starts at the cleavage of disulphide bonds, followed by disruption of the peptide bonds. Degradation is initiated in the outer cuticle and is followed by the decomposition of the inner cortical cells. During biodegradation, the nitrogen-rich compounds are released. The compounds act as an effective fertiliser which supports the growth of grass and significantly accelerates the greening of the slope.

Sustainable Innovation: Turning Waste into Soil Additives

“…They may perform mechanical, hydraulic, and biological functions if applied to engineering objects [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. They work very well in agriculture and horticulture as retention-enhancing materials and natural fertilizers [ 36 , 37 ]. Unfortunately, although they have numerous advantages, they pose a significant burden for the environment, particularly because a vast majority of them is produced using synthetic fibres [ 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

“…These materials are usually by-products of breeding sheep, cultivating fibre plants, or manufacturing textiles in the clothing industry. Currently, attempts at applying natural fibres in environmental engineering and agriculture, where they act as elements that support plant growth and provide anti-erosion protection to civil engineering structures, are being made [ 36 , 64 , 67 ]. This subject has not been thoroughly analysed yet; the available materials are not always effective, and the conducted research focuses on a narrow range of applications.…”