Biodegradation of RDX within soil-water slurries using a combination of differing redox incubation conditions

Waisner, Scott A.; Hansen, Lance; Fredrickson, Herbert L.; Nestler, Catherine C.; Zappi, Mark E.; Banerji, Samir K.; Bajpai, Rakesh

doi:10.1016/s0304-3894(02)00052-3

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, Manning et al [47] determined that up to 30% of [ 14 C]TNT was in the cell protein microbial biomass of soil bioslurry reactors fed molasses [47]. In contrast, Waisner et al [35] found that a negligible amount (Ͻ3%) of [ 14 C]RDX was incorporated into microbial cell membranes [35] in soil-water slurry microcosms.…”

Section: Appendix a Supporting Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potato starch and corn starch also have been observed to stimulate significant RDX biodegradation in anaerobic soil-water slurries under anaerobic conditions [35]. However, the results obtained with the addition of soybean oil are believed to be the first report of explosives biodegradation supported by a vegetable oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After detonation of a high explosive, residues of these materials remain in the impact area. TNT and its various nitroaromatic breakdown products (i.e., 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT), 2, 6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene (2,6-DANT) , 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT), and 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (2,4,6-TAT)) have been shown to sorb strongly to clay and organic matter, and are usually retained close to the soil surface (10, 20,23,27,35). In contrast, the nitramine explosive RDX and its nitroso-containing breakdown productshexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX), hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine (DNX), and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX) -appear to sorb to a significantly lesser degree, allowing them to percolate through the subsurface and end up in groundwater (1, 20,38,39).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Immobilization of Energetics on Live Fire Ranges (CU-1229). Revision 1.0

Steffan¹,

Fuller²

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. REPORT DATE JUL 20042. REPORT TYPE SERDP SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release, distribution unlimited SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESThe original document contains color images. ABSTRACTThis project resulted in development and proof-of-concept laboratory testing of cost-effective technology to immobilize and biodegrade energetic compounds (TNT, RDX, HMX, and breakdown products) released as residues at firing ranges to prevent their migration to groundwater. The technology is comprised of a sorbent material to immobilize newly generated explosives residues at the soil surface, and a biostimulant to enhance the biotransformation and biodegradation of the explosive compounds before they can migrate into the soil and down to the groundwater. Using a tiered approach, multiple potential sorbents and biostimulants were screened. Tables Table 5.1. Information on sorbent materials used for this research. Table 5.2. Summary of initial adsorption and desorption results. Table 5.4. Freundlich model fits for explosive-soil sorption-desorption isotherms. Table 5.5. Information on cosubstrates used for this research. Executive SummaryThis project resulted in development and proof-of-concept laboratory testing of cost-effective technology to immobilize and biodegrade energetic compounds (TNT, RDX, HMX, and breakdown products) released as residues at firing ranges to prevent their migration to groundwater. The technology is comprised of a sorbent material to immobilize newly generated explosives residues at the soil surface, and a biostimulant to enhance the biotransformation and biodegradation of the explosive compounds before they can migrate into the soil and down to the groundwater. Using a tiered approach, multiple potential sorbents and biostimulants were screened. The most effective combination of sorbent and biostimulant was determined to be Sphagnum peat moss plus crude soybean oil, mixed at a ratio of approximately 0.5 g crude soybean oil per gram of peat moss. A 0.5-inch layer of this material reduced the aqueous porewater concentrations of TNT, RDX, and HMX at 10 cm below the soil surface of a repacked soil column by 100%, 60%, and 40%, re...

show abstract

Section: Appendix a Supporting Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Immobilization of Energetics on Live Fire Ranges (CU-1229). Revision 1.0

Steffan¹,

Fuller²

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, alkaline hydrolysis may play an active role in the in situ natural attenuation of RDX in coastal seawaters (Hoffsommer and Rosen, 1973;Monteil-Rivera et al, 2008). Various technologies, such as treatment with iron metal (Wanaratna et al, 2006), chemical reduction using buffered sodium hydrosulfite (Luo et al, 2012), phytoremediation (Lamichhane et al, 2012;Panz and Miksch, 2012), photolysis (Hawari et al, 2002), adsorption by activated carbon (Wujcik et al, 1992), in situ bioremediation (Waisner et al, 2002), hydrolysis under different conditions (Hoffsommer et al, 1977;Croce and Okamoto, 1979;Heilmann et al, 1996;Balakrishnan et al, 2003;Hwang et al, 2004Hwang et al, , 2006Davis et al, 2007;Larson et al, 2008;Gent et al, 2010), and electrochemical decomposition (Gent et al, 2010) have been investigated as possible methods to treat RDX-contaminated water and soil for safe removal of nitramine from the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline hydrolysis of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine: M06-2X investigation

Sviatenko

Gorb²,

Hill

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…RDX and HMX are toxic to both terrestrial and aquatic organisms [16,22], thus necessitating their removal from contaminated marine environments. Although biodegradation of cyclic nitramines by microorganisms, especially anaerobic bacteria, has been widely studied in soil [17,24], anaerobic sludge [1,11] and fresh water [4,13], their degradation by microorganisms from marine environments, especially in sediments from tropical areas, has rarely been reported [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of cyclic nitramines by tropical marine sediment bacteria

Bhatt

Zhao

Monteil-Rivera

et al. 2005

J IND MICROBIOL BIOTECHNOL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Undersea deposition of unexploded ordnance (UXO) constitutes a potential source of contamination of marine environments by hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). The goal of the present study was to determine microbial degradation of RDX and HMX in a tropical marine sediment sampled from a coastal UXO field in the region of Oahu Island in Hawaii. Sediment mixed cultures growing in marine broth 2216 (21 degrees C) anaerobically mineralized 69% or 57% (CO2, 25 days) of the total carbon of [UL-14 C]-RDX (100 microM) or [UL-14 C]-HMX (10 microM), respectively. As detected by PCR-DGGE, members of gamma-proteobacteria (Halomonas), sulfate-reducing delta-proteobacteria (Desulfovibrio), firmicutes (Clostridium), and fusobacterium appeared to be dominant in RDX-enrichment and/or HMX-enrichment cultures. Among 22 sediment bacterial isolates screened for RDX and HMX biodegradation activity under anaerobic conditions, 5 were positive for RDX and identified as Halomonas (HAW-OC4), Marinobacter (HAW-OC1), Pseudoalteromonas (HAW-OC2 and OC5) and Bacillus (HAW-OC6) by their 16S rRNA genes. Sediment bacteria degraded RDX to N2O and HCHO via the intermediary formation of hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) and methylenedinitramine. The present findings demonstrate that cyclic nitramine contaminants are likely to be degraded upon release from UXO into tropical marine sediment.

show abstract

Biodegradation of RDX within soil-water slurries using a combination of differing redox incubation conditions

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

Immobilization of Energetics on Live Fire Ranges (CU-1229). Revision 1.0

Immobilization of Energetics on Live Fire Ranges (CU-1229). Revision 1.0

Alkaline hydrolysis of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine: M06-2X investigation

Biodegradation of cyclic nitramines by tropical marine sediment bacteria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About