Biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) and its nanocomposites

Fukushima, Kikku; Abbate, Cristina; Tabuani, D.; Gennari, Mara; Camino, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.07.001

Cited by 309 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In order to overcome these limitations, the use of plasticizers, blends, copolymerization, micro and nanocomposites have been investigated [6][7][8][9][10][11]. It has been shown that these modifications result in PLA based materials with improved elongation at break, impact strength, toughness and barrier properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintaining Structural Stability of Poly(lactic acid): Effects of Multifunctional Epoxy based Reactive Oligomers

et al. 2014

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Abstract:In order to reduce the effects of hydrolytic degradation and to maintain sufficient viscosity during processing of biomass based poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), various epoxy functional reactive oligomers have been characterized and incorporated into the degraded fragments as chain extenders. The molecular weight of PLLA increased with the increase in functionality of the reactive oligomers. No further increase in molecular weight was observed for oligomers with functionality of greater than five. Under our experimental conditions, no gelation was found even when the highest functionality reactive oligomers were used. This is attributed to the preferential reaction of the carboxylic acid versus the negligible reactivity of the hydroxyl groups, present at the two ends of the degraded PLLA chains, with the epoxy groups. The study provides a clear understanding of the degradation and chain extension reaction of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with epoxy functional reactive oligomers. It is also shown that a higher functionality and concentration of the reactive oligomers is needed, to bring about a sufficient increase in the molecular weight and hence the hydrolytic stability in circumstances when PLA chains suffer significant degradation during processing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintaining Structural Stability of Poly(lactic acid): Effects of Multifunctional Epoxy based Reactive Oligomers

et al. 2014

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“…To improve the physical properties of PLA, especially in terms of thermomechanical stability, addition of different fillers (nanoparticles) in PLA was explored [2,[9][10][11]. Most of the literature regarding nanocomposites is devoted to lamellar layered silicates, in particular organically modified montmorillonites due to their ability to significantly enhance several polymer physical properties as compared to unmodified layered silicate clays, including gas barrier, flame retardancy, thermal stability and influence on the polymer biodegradation rate [2,[12][13][14]; however, needle like phyllosilicates (sepiolites) and zirconium phosphate are also reported in literature [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Sepiolite is a layered hydrated magnesium silicate characterized by a needle like morphology based on alternated blocks of tunnels in the fibre direction [16] and very high surface area (BET 374±7 m 2 /g) [23] as compared to layered phyllosilicates (BET 82±1 m 2 /g) [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites based on montmorillonite, sepiolite and zirconium phosphonate

Fukushima¹,

Fina²,

Geobaldo³

et al. 2012

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based nanocomposites based on 5 wt.% of an organically modified montmorillonite (CLO), unmodified sepiolite (SEP) and organically modified zirconium phosphonate (ZrP) were obtained by melt blending. Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed a different dispersion level depending on the type and functionalisation of nanoparticles. Differenctial scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis showed that PLA was able to crystallize on heating, and that the addition of ZrP could promote extent of PLA crystallization, whereas the presence of CLO and SEP did not significantly affect the crystallization on heating and melting behaviour of PLA matrix. Dynamic Mechanical Thermoanalysis (DMTA) results showed that addition of all nanoparticles brought considerable improvements in E! of PLA, resulting in a remarkable increase of elastic properties for PLA nanocomposites. The melt viscosity and dynamic shear moduli (G!,G") of PLA nanocomposites were also enhanced significantly by the presence of CLO and SEP, and attributed to the formation of a PLA/nanoparticle interconnected structure within the polymer matrix. The oxygen permeability of PLA did not significantly vary upon addition of SEP and ZrP nanoparticles. Only addition of CLO led to about 30% decrease compared to PLA permeability, due to the good clay dispersion and clay platelet-like morphology. The characteristic high transparency of PLA in the visible region was kept upon addition of the nanoparticles. Based on these achievements, a high potential of these PLA nanocomposites in sustainable packaging applications could be envisaged.

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“…Landfill testing was conducted by adopting ASTM G160-12 with a few modifications done following the method of Rudnik and Briassoulis [10] and Fukushima et al [11]. Modifications were adopted because the landfill burial test was natural, whereas the ASTM G160-12 is a laboratory landfill burial.…”

Section: Landfill Burial Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the increasing of the soil pH was due to higher soil water content, determined by moisture meter, which has neutralized the acidity of the soil. In addition, the degradation products of PLA were carbon dioxide, water and humus [11,13]. Soil water content for October 2013 till March 2014 was 99%, 98%, 95%, 90%, 43% and 77% respectively.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation Properties of Poly (Lactic) Acid Reinforced by Kenaf Fibers

et al. 2016

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This study was conducted to study the degradation of poly (lactic acid) and its composites under natural landfill burial. Composites reinforced with natural fibres were expected to degrade faster than polymer itself. PLA was compounded with kenaf bast fibre (KBC) and kenaf core fibre (KCC) with twin screw extrusion at temperature range 150-160• C and being compression moulded at 170• C for 8 minutes. Samples were then cut prior to testing by burying under composting area in UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia for 6 month period. Samples were measured and observed monthly for the degradation of composites by weight loss and microscopic observation. As expected weight loss for kenaf bast composite (KBC) and kenaf core composite (KCC) was found to be higher, 15.9% and 17.1% respectively, than that of pure PLA of only 4.14%. Microscopic observation confirms degradation has occurred on surface of composites by making cracks, holes, and black spots on all samples, however degradation was more obvious on composites. FTIR analysis shows that spectra of exposed composites were reduced compared to those of unexposed composites.

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Biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) and its nanocomposites

Cited by 309 publications

References 49 publications

Maintaining Structural Stability of Poly(lactic acid): Effects of Multifunctional Epoxy based Reactive Oligomers

Maintaining Structural Stability of Poly(lactic acid): Effects of Multifunctional Epoxy based Reactive Oligomers

Properties of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites based on montmorillonite, sepiolite and zirconium phosphonate

Biodegradation Properties of Poly (Lactic) Acid Reinforced by Kenaf Fibers

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