Biodegradation of Phenolic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Some Algae and Cyanobacteria

Abstract

In this work, the oxidation of phenolic compounds was accompanied by shift in the wavelength and change in the colour such as the oxidation of phenol to catechol by Volvox aureus, Nostoc Linckia and Oscillatoria rubescens. The oxidation of β-naphthol by Volvox aureus, Lyngbya lagerlerimi and Nostoc linckia, and the oxidation of catechol by Chlorella vulgaris and V. aureus were suggested. The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by different algae seems to be related to the molecular structures of the compound and physiological metabolism of the algae. The highest percentage of degradation of naphthalene by N. linckia after 7 days was 47.71%, while the highest percentage of degradation of anthracene by E. viridis after 7 days was 92.28%. The highest percentage of degradation of 2-methythie 3-phenyl quinazlin-4-3H (one) by V. aureus after 7 days was 83.39%, and the highest percentage of degradation of 2-phenyl 3,1benzexazin-4 one by E. viridis after 7 days was 79.74%. The obtained results suggest that microbial biodegradation of pollutants can be used to clean up contaminated environments. Biotreatment of wastes using living organisms is an environmentally friendly, relatively simple and cost-effective alternative to physico-chemical processes. Algae can convert benzo pyrene to peroxides, dihdrodiols and oxides [10,11]. When benzo pyrene was incubated with algae, a greater percentage of the benzo pyrene was first degraded and mineralized (broken down to carbon dioxide and water). These findings that algae in conjunction with bacteria may lead to more complete degradation of large PAH s like benzo pyrene [12]. Biodegradation of Phenolic andRecently, [13][14][15][16] studied the ability of some algae for biodegradation of phenolic compounds in the light and dark. The aim of this investigation was to study the ability of some algae isolated from different polluted sites, on the degradation of different phenolic compounds, polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compounds. Materials and Methods Algae and growth conditionsThe following algae are isolated from different polluted sites and purified in axenic cultures (bacterial free) and used in this investigation

Implications of Benzoate Induced Alterations in Cell Morphology and Physiology in Pseudomonas aeruginosa TMR2.13 for Potential Application in Bioremediation and Monitoring Approaches

“…However, higher concentrations of benzoate put an excessive demand on the oxygen requisite of the aerobic culture. This limits its growth and subsequently delays its denitrification activity thereby inducing an overall effect on the physiological processes of the organism [2].…”

“…Hydrocarbon contamination particularly that derived from petroleum products and other anthropogenic activities is a major cause of concern in the marine environment and has therefore garnered interest in bioremediation studies [1][2][3][4]. Environments rich in hydrocarbons particularly coastal and estuarine ecosystems generally have a high nitrate load [5].…”

Biodegradation of phenol by a novel diatom BD1IITG-kinetics and biochemical studies

“…Algal phenol degradation capability is much less studied as compared to bacterial and fungal strains. Phenol biodegradation ability has been reported by strains of Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus obliqus and Spirulina maxima (Kelknar and Kosarnic 1992), Ochromonas danica (Semple and Cain 1996), Ankistrodesmus braunii and Scenedesmus quadricauda (Pinto et al 2003), Chlorella vulgaris (Scragg 2006;El-Sheekh et al 2012), Chlorella VT-1 (Scragg 2006), Volvox aureus, Lyngba lagerlerimi, Nostoc linkia, Oscillatoria rubescens (El-Sheekh et al 2012). Reports are available only on phenol degradation ability by microalgae with no further details of kinetics and enzymatic pathway of phenol metabolism.…”

Bioprospects of Coastal Eubacteria

“…Biodegradation of hydrocarbons by natural populations of microorganisms has long been recognized as an ideal strategy for mitigating petroleum contamination and has stimulated considerable research towards biotransformation, biodegradation and bioremediation of hydrocarbons. Numerous hydrocarbondegrading organisms (bacteria, yeasts, fungi and algae) have been isolated, identified and characterized for potential application in petroleum bioremediation designs (Bae et al 2009;De Sousa and Bhosle 2012c;El-Sheekh et al 2012). Hydrocarbons, including petroleum compounds are organic substrates that support microbial growth and microorganisms have developed well-advanced pathways to break down these otherwise recalcitrant substances (Van Hamme et al 2003).…”