Biodegradation of Phenol: Mechanisms and Applications

Schie, Paula M. van; Young, L. Y.

doi:10.1080/10588330008951128

Cited by 152 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…This study was designed to tackle this question by calculating the relative contribution of each system component (root, gravel and water), with or without their associated bacteria, to overall phenol removal. Phenol was chosen as it is a common pollutant and because extensive knowledge already exists on its biodegradation chemistry (Van Schie and Young, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance comparison of plant root biofilm, gravel attached biofilm and planktonic microbial populations, in phenol removal within a constructed wetland wastewater treatment system

Kurzbaum

Kirzhner

Armon

2016

WSA

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This study was performed in order to understand the relative contribution of a constructed wetland (CW) system's various components to phenol degradation (100 mg•L -1 ) under controlled plant biomass/gravel/ water experimental ratios. This was done by division of a pilot-scale CW system into its components, with or without their associated bacteria: (i) gravel, plant and water; (ii) gravel and water; (iii) water; (iv) gravel; (v) plant; (vi) control (sterile water). The highest phenol biodegradation rate occurred for the gravel-attached biofilm followed by root-attached biofilm and planktonic population, which recorded a similar rate to each other and a much lower rate than the gravel-attached biofilm. A control containing CW planktonic inactivated bacteria (autoclaved water) did not impact phenol removal, revealing that microbial populations are the major factor in phenol removal. The differences in the phenol removal achieved could be attributed to higher numbers of specific phenol degraders on the gravel surface, compared to lower numbers of root-attached and planktonic bacterial fractions, as isolated using phenol-agar plates which contained phenol as the sole carbon source. The main contributor to our findings appears to be the larger surface area provided by the gravel bed compared to plant roots.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance comparison of plant root biofilm, gravel attached biofilm and planktonic microbial populations, in phenol removal within a constructed wetland wastewater treatment system

Kurzbaum

Kirzhner

Armon

2016

WSA

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“…Phenolic compounds are widely distributed toxic pollutants in the environment, which are produced from a variety of industries and natural sources [1,2]. Phenolic compounds in the soil flow into rivers because of their high water solubility and rivers flow into the sea; this is the reason for the increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds in the sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of phenolic compound-degrading microorganisms have been isolated, and their degradation pathways and genes for degrading phenolic compounds have been studied in detail [2,3]. However, these microorganisms have mainly been isolated from terrestrial or freshwater sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Phenol-Utilizing Marine Bacteria and Their Phenol Degradation Pathway

Iwaki

Takada²,

Hasegawa³

2015

IJGG

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Phenolic compounds are widely distributed toxic pollutants in seawater, and their effective degradation is very important for bioremediation programs. In this study, nine phenol-degrading bacteria were isolated from seawater samples, which were collected from the coastal areas of Japan. Besides the enrichment substrate phenol, all isolates could utilize at least one isomer of cresol as the sole source of carbon. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that all strains were affiliated with the class Gammaproteobacteria, four strains were closely related to Spongiibacter, four were closely related to Marinobacter, and one was closely related to Photobacterium. During growth on phenol, all isolates produced a yellow product, and a whole-cell study indicated that it was an extradiol meta-ring cleavage product of catechol, 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the partial gene encoding the largest subunit of the multicomponent phenol hydroxylase of the isolates was similar to that of terrestrial bacteria, thereby suggesting that phenol is converted into catechol by marine bacteria. We also suggest that horizontal transfer of the gene may occur not only among marine bacteria but also between the genera Marinobacter and Pseudomonas.

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“…In phenol biodegradation, enzymatic break down of aromatic rings is reported to be effected through meta or ortho cleavage pathway. [3] The main group of enzymes involved are phenol hydroxylases and phenol oxidases which have been isolated and characterized from both fungi and bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Phenol Using a PHB Producing Bacillus Subtilis Sp3

Nair¹

2017

WJPR

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The bacterial isolate from soil grown in the designed synthetic medium with phenol as the sole carbon and energy source could degrade phenol completely. The isolate showed fast acclimatization in the minimal medium. Polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB), an alternative to synthetic plastic was also extracted from the same bacterial isolate. The PHB granules from the newly screened strain designated as sp3 were visualized by atomic force microscopy. 16S rRNA analysis of the bacterial isolate established the identity of the strain as Bacillus subtilis sp. The effect of pH and incubation time under phenol stress were optimized for maximum growth. It was observed that the optimum pH was 7, incubation time was 24 hours and phenol concentration was 12 mM. The degradation was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy. This strain could also be successfully used for the laboratory scale treatment of paper mill effluent containing phenolic components. The wastewater showed a considerable COD reduction of 64% after 24 hours of treatment.

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Biodegradation of Phenol: Mechanisms and Applications

Cited by 152 publications

References 109 publications

Performance comparison of plant root biofilm, gravel attached biofilm and planktonic microbial populations, in phenol removal within a constructed wetland wastewater treatment system

Performance comparison of plant root biofilm, gravel attached biofilm and planktonic microbial populations, in phenol removal within a constructed wetland wastewater treatment system

Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Phenol-Utilizing Marine Bacteria and Their Phenol Degradation Pathway

Degradation of Phenol Using a PHB Producing Bacillus Subtilis Sp3

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