Biodegradation of high phenol concentration by activated sludge in an immersed membrane bioreactor

Biodegradation of Phenol by Unacclimated and Phenol-acclimated Activated Sludge: Effects of Operational Factors on Biodegradation Efficiency and Kinetics

“…However, for both type of activated sludge, the time required to completely remove phenol was found to increase with increasing initial phenol concentration, signifying the greater toxicity effect toward their own biodegradations attributed by the inhibited microbial growth at higher phenol concentration. 19 Similar trend was reported by Saravanan et al 20 In addition, the performance of biodegradation was observed to be greatly enhanced by acclimation in spite of the low acclimation concentration of 50 mg l -1 . Lim et al has shown the ability of low-strength phenol-acclimated activated sludge to completely degrade phenol at initial concentration of 7.5 times higher of which it had been acclimated.…”

Modelling the change in the oxidation coefficient during the aerobic degradation of phenol by acclimated activated sludge

“…Indeed, in the case of an extremely stable E red S complex (e.g., k 5 ≅ 0 or k 6 → ∞), or if the free reduced enzyme (E red ) could not be oxidised by oxygen (e.g., k unp ≅ 0), coefficients b and c tend to zero (Eqs. (14), (15) Marrot et al (2006) studied the growth of activated sludge in phenol as a sole carbon source; these authors found that the specific growth rate increases with phenol concentration and then declines as substrate inhibition became important, in agreement with the Haldane equation. However, according to the data reported by the authors of the abovementioned work, the specific growth rate remains almost constant, about 10% of the observed maximum, for phenol concentrations higher than 10 mM.…”

Removal of hard COD, nitrogenous compounds and phenols from a high-strength coal gasification wastewater stream

“…The p-substituted phenols are more readily biodegradable than the m-or the o-substituted phenols since they are weaker electron donors (Adabju, 2013). Marrot et al (2006) reported the optimum pH for phenol degradation to be between 6.5 and 7.5, Crutescu et al (2008) reported a degradation rate of between 95% and 99% at pH between 6.8 and 7.5, Chakraborty et al (2010) reported the highest phenol degradation rate (83%) at pH 7.0 (30°C); however, the rate of degradation at 35°C would still be considerable but less than that at 30°C (<83%). Arutchelvan et al (2006) reported that temperature (34°C) and pH (8.0) influenced the rate of phenol degradation to a maximum of 1 750 mg•ℓ −1…”