Biodegradation of Free Cyanide, Thiocyanate and Metal Complexed Cyanides in Solutions with Different Compositions

Gonçalves, Maria Alice Rezende; Pinto, Aldo; Granato, Marcus

doi:10.1080/09593331908616665

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Inducing the synthesis of enzymes for degradation of cyanide or synthesizing cyanide-resistant enzymes enabled some microorganisms to adapt and grow in the presence of cyanide (Goncalves et al 1998). Recent reports identifying cyanide-degrading fungi, such as Trichoderma spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of cyanide by Rhodococcus UKMP-5M

et al. 2013

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A new bacterial strain, Rhodococcus UKMP-5M isolated from petroleum-contaminated soils demonstrated promising potential to biodegrade cyanide to non-toxic end-products. Ammonia and formate were found as final products during growth of the isolate with KCN as the sole nitrogen source. Formamide was not detected as one of the end-products suggesting that the biodegradation of cyanide by Rhodococcus UKMP-5M may have proceeded via a hydrolytic pathway involving the bacterial enzyme cyanidase. No growth of the bacterium was observed when KCN was supplied as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen even though marginal reduction in the concentration of cyanide was recorded, indicating the toxic effect of cyanide even in cyanide-degrading microorganisms. The cyanide biodegradation ability of Rhodococcus UKMP-5M was greatly affected by the presence of organic nutrients in the medium. Medium containing glucose and yeast extract promoted the highest growth rate of the bacterium which simultaneously assisted complete biodegradation of 0.1 mM KCN within 24 hours of incubation. It was found that growth and cyanide biodegradation occurred optimally at 30• C and pH 6.3 with glucose as the preferred carbon source. Acetonitrile was used as an inducer to enhance cyanide biodegradation since the enzymes nitrile hydratase and/or nitrilase have similarity at both the amino acid and structural levels to that of cyanidase. The findings from this study should be of great interest from an environmental and health point of views since the optimum conditions discovered in the present study bear a close resemblance to the actual scenario of cyanide wastewater treatment facilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of cyanide by Rhodococcus UKMP-5M

et al. 2013

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“…Therefore wastewaters containing cyanide must be released to the environment only after detoxification. Several methods are available for cyanide removal and/or detoxification including alkaline chlorination, wet-air oxidation, ozonization, Caro's acid, copper-catalyzed hydrogen peroxide, ion exchange, electrolytic oxidation, AVR (acidification, volatilization, reneutralization) process, sulphur dioxide process, reverse osmosis, thermal hydrolysis, SO 2 /air (INCO process) natural degradation, activated carbon adsorption (Patterson 1985;Palmer et al 1988;Aronstein et al 1994;Dubey and Holmes 1995;Young and Jordan 1995;Desai and Ramakrishna 1998;Gonçalves et al 1998;Patil and Paknikar 2000;Akcil 2003;Kao et al 2003;). However many of these treatments are not always well adapted and pose technological, disposal and cost problems (Wild et al 1994;Watanabe et al 1998;Patil and Paknikar 2000;Kao et al 2003;Campos et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Cyanide may be present in the environment in various forms including hydrogen cyanide, salts such NaCN and KCN, metal cyanide complexes and nitriles (Dubey and Holmes 1995;Young and Jordan 1995;Aksu et al 1999;Patil and Paknikar 2000;Botz 2001;Akcil 2003;Zheng et al 2003;Ebbs 2004). The metal cyanide complexes form by reaction of cyanide with metal ions such as copper, nickel, zinc and iron and have varying stability and toxicity (Patterson 1985;Silva-Avalos et al 1990;Desai and Ramakrishna 1998;Gonçalves et al 1998;Patil and Paknikar 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Isolation of a strain of Aspergillus fumigatus able to grow in minimal medium added with an industrial cyanide waste

Sabatini

Ferrini²,

Micheloni

et al. 2011

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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The present note refers the results about the isolation of an Aspergillus fumigatus strain able to grow on an industrial cyanide waste as nitrogen source. The fungus was selected from an alkaline unpolluted soil in enrichment cultures in 50 ml of Minimal Medium added with 20 mmol glucose and supplemented initially with 0.1 mmol KCN and then with 70 μl of a waste solution from a jewelry industry containing free cyanide and cyanide complexes of heavy metal ions including copper, silver, nickel, and others. The cyanide content of the waste was 1,500 ppm. The fungal growth was monitored determining dry weight, protein content and glucose consumption. The fungus efficiently utilized the cyanide as evidenced by the decrease in the inoculated medium of the compound under detection limits within 24 h and the concomitant growth within 15 days during which periodical additions of the waste to the cultures were made. The amount of the cyanide in the biomass of the fungus grown in presence of the waste was very scarce and comparable to that in absence of the pollutant. Furthermore the fungus was able to sequestrate metals such Ag, Cu, and Ni as a resistance mechanism against heavy metals. In conclusion our results are of interest for biodegradation plans of electroplating industrial wastes containing cyanide based pollutants.

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“…Cyanide is metabolized and/or transformed to products that are less hazardous to the environment through biological degradation. Volatilisation, biological metabolism, ad-838 M. Nallapan Maniyam et al sorption onto the biomass and chemical reaction with organic compounds are among the different mechanisms that contribute to cyanide degradation in an aerobic biological treatment (Goncalves et al 1998). Even though conventional biological processes can degrade a large fraction of pollutants and remove additional materials by biosorption (Patil & Paknikar 1999) many hazardous compounds remained poorly detoxified and unaltered through the wastewater treatment facilities due to their toxicity, recalcitrance or inhibition (Jianlong et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanide degradation by immobilized cells of Rhodococcus UKMP-5M

et al. 2012

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Anthropogenic sources contribute to the bulk presence of cyanide, which causes substantial health and environmental concerns. A petroleum-contaminated soil isolate, Rhodococcus UKMP-5M has been verified to efficiently degrade high concentration of cyanide in the form of KCN in our previous study. In order to enhance the cyanide-degrading ability of this bacterium, different encapsulation matrices were screened to immobilize cells of Rhodococcus UKMP-5M for degradation of cyanide. It was revealed that the biocatalyst activity and bead mechanical strength improved significantly when calcium alginate encapsulation technique was employed as compared to free cells. The results also indicated that the immobilized cell system could tolerate a higher level of KCN concentration and were able to support a higher biomass density. In addition, the embedded cells retained almost 96% of their initial cyanide removal efficiency during the first five batches and the entrapped cell system maintained 64% of its initial activity after eight successive batches. The encapsulated beads could be easily recovered from the production medium and reused for up to five batches without significant losses of cyanide-degrading ability, which proved to be advantageous from an economic point of view. From this study, it could be inferred that the novel Rhodococcus UKMP-5M strain demonstrated high cyanide-degrading ability and the optimized calcium alginate immobilization technique provided a promising alternative for practical application of large scale remediation of cyanide-bearing wastewaters.

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Biodegradation of Free Cyanide, Thiocyanate and Metal Complexed Cyanides in Solutions with Different Compositions

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Biodegradation of cyanide by Rhodococcus UKMP-5M

Biodegradation of cyanide by Rhodococcus UKMP-5M

Isolation of a strain of Aspergillus fumigatus able to grow in minimal medium added with an industrial cyanide waste

Cyanide degradation by immobilized cells of Rhodococcus UKMP-5M

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