Biodegradation of carbamazepine using fungi and bacteria

Abstract

Carbamazepine is an anti-epileptic pharmaceuticalcompound which is frequently detected in wastewater. However, this compound is hardly degraded naturally due to its persistency. Thus, carbamazepine presents in water stream and household water supply as well as wastewater treatment plant. This paper focuses on various species of fungi and bacteria used in carbamazepine biodegradation and the carbamazepine degrading-enzymes involved in the degradation pathways. Selected research papers on carbamazepine biodegradation using fungi and bacteria were reviewed. The efficiency and approaches in term of methodologies and technologies used were highlighted in this paper. Such study sheds light on gaps of study and future research direction on carbamazepine biodegradation.

Fate of Trace Organic Compounds in Hyporheic Zone Sediments of Contrasting Organic Carbon Content and Impact on the Microbiome

“…However, metabolic degradation cannot be excluded and might represent an alternative explanation for such findings. Indeed, members belonging to these phyla have been associated with degradation of various xenobiotics including the current test compounds [16,23,24,[57][58][59][60][61][62].…”

A Review on Biological Processes for Pharmaceuticals Wastes Abatement—A Growing Threat to Modern Society

“…Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic compound, frequently detected in surface water, wastewater, and occasionally in groundwater, 6,145 with high persistence in the environment and severe detrimental impact on the ecosystem dynamics. 145 Bessa et al 146 evaluated the biodegradation capacity of two bacteria strains previously isolated from a municipal WWTP (Ponte de Moreira, Maia, Portugal) and enriched in minimal salt medium contaminated with carbamazepine (24 mg/L) for 6.5 months to biodegrade carbamazepine (10 mg/L) as the sole carbon source. The bacteria were identified as Starkeya sp.…”

“…Two metabolites were identified by UPLC-MS: 10,11-dihydro-10,11-expoxy carbamazepine and n-hydroxy-carbamazepine. According to Nasir et al, 145 the most common fungi used to biodegrade carbamazepine are Trichoderma harzianum, Pleurotus ostreatus (normal strain and strain AC9), immobilized T. versicolor, T. versicolor (ATCC 42530, ATCC 7731, and NRRL 66313), Aspergillus niger, Cunninghamella elegans (ATCC 9254), Umbelopsis ramanniana R-56, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (mobilized strain F-1767 and immobilized strain F-1767) Table 4. 2.2.5. Antidepressants.…”

“…C12 and showed reduced biodegradation capacity (30%) regardless of the acetate supplement. According to Nasir et al 145 and Wu et al, 147 studies on carbamazepine biodegradation by bacterial species are limited, summarized in Table 3.…”

“…Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic compound, frequently detected in surface water, wastewater, and occasionally in groundwater, , with high persistence in the environment and severe detrimental impact on the ecosystem dynamics …”