Biodegradation of Bisphenol A and Related Compounds bySphingomonassp. Strain BP-7 Isolated from Seawater

Abstract

A bacterium capable of assimilating 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A), strain BP-7, was isolated from offshore seawater samples on a medium containing bisphenol A as sole source of carbon and energy, and identified as Sphingomonas sp. strain BP-7. Other strains, Pseudomonas sp. strain BP-14, Pseudomonas sp. strain BP-15, and strain no. 24A, were also isolated from bisphenol A-enrichment culture of the seawater. These strains did not degrade bisphenol A, but accelerated the degradation of bisphenol A by Sphingomonas sp. strain BP-7. A mixed culture of Sphingomonas sp. strain BP-7 and Pseudomonas sp. strain BP-14 showed complete degradation of 100 ppm bisphenol A within 7 d in SSB-YE medium, while Sphingomonas sp. strain BP-7 alone took about 40 d for complete consumption of bisphenol A accompanied by accumulation of 4-hydroxyacetophenone. On a nutritional supplementary medium, Sphingomonas sp. strain BP-7 completely degraded bisphenol A and 4-hydroxyacetophenone within 20 h. The strain degraded a variety of bisphenols, such as 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane, and 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane, and hydroxy aromatic compounds such as 4-hydroxyacetophenone, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechol, protocatechuic acid, and hydroquinone. The strain did not degrade bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone, or bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfide.

Degradation of Bis(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Methane (Bisphenol F) by Sphingobium yanoikuyae Strain FM-2 Isolated from River Water

“…Considering that most of the BPA-degrading bacteria previously isolated also belong to the family Sphingomonadaceae (20,31,32), this family seems to play a major role in the depletion of various bisphenols in the aquatic environment.…”

“…BPA has been identified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical that may cause adverse effects on human health and wildlife (7,19,39). A number of BPA-degrading bacteria have been isolated from enrichments of sludge from wastewater treatment plants (20,25), aquatic environments (23,24,31), soil (30,33), and samples of compost leachate (43). Spivack et al (36) revealed that BPA is biodegraded via major and minor pathways, both involving the oxidative skeletal rearrangement of an unactivated aliphatic methyl group in the BPA molecule.…”

“…However, bisphenol F [bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane; BPF], which has no substituent at the bridging carbon, is unlikely to be metabolized by such a mechanism. Indeed, Sakai et al (31) reported that a BPAdegrading bacterium, Sphingomonas sp. strain BP-7, degraded bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane (BPE), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propane (BPP), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane (BPB), and 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane, but not BPF.…”

Bacteria-mediated bisphenol A degradation

“…It completely degraded 115 mg/l BPA at the sixth hour and showed a little higher degradation efficiency than that of the three Sphingomonas sp. strains SO11, SO1a, and SO4a isolated by Matsumura et al (2009) that completely degraded 115 mg/l BPA within 15 h. Sakai et al (2007) reported the first seawater BPA-degrading isolate of Sphingomonas sp. strain BP-7.…”

Quantification of Microcystin-degrading Bacteria in a Biofilm from a Practical Biological Treatment Facility by Real-time PCR

“…-199 -Recent studies have reported that Sphingomonas sp. degrade dioxin, nonylphenol, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and other persistent substances (Wilkes et al, 1996;Tanghe et al, 1999;Shi et al, 2001;Sakai et al, 2007). We expect this study to promote the research on the dynamics of the bacteria involved in the degradation of persistent substances in situ.…”