Biodegradation of 4-nonylphenol in seawater and sediment

Ekelund, Rolf; Granmo, Åke; Magnusson, Kerstin; Berggren, Martin; Bergman, Åke

doi:10.1016/0269-7491(93)90178-q

Cited by 125 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This difference is caused by biological processes such as the biodegradation of DOC, which needs oxygen as well. As reported in literature, the presence of sufficient oxygen is crucial for NP biodegradation (Ekelund et al 1993). However, no information is available about preferable oxygen concentrations for NP biodegradation.…”

Section: Settling Sediment Conditions (Part I)mentioning

confidence: 75%

Nonylphenol mass transfer from field-aged sediments and subsequent biodegradation in reactors mimicking different river conditions

et al. 2009

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Purpose Sediments can function as secondary source for water pollution of aerobically biodegradable nonhalogenated organic compounds, which are persistent in anaerobic sediments. The mass transfer of compounds from sediment to bulk water depends on hydraulic conditions. In this study, desorption, mass transfer and biodegradation are investigated under settled and resuspended sediment conditions for branched nonylphenol (NP), which was used as model compound for aerobically biodegradable and anaerobic persistent compounds. Materials and methods Continuous flow through reactor experiments were performed in duplicate with aged NP polluted sediment under sterile and non-sterile conditions to investigate the mass transfer and combined mass transfer and biodegradation. Results and discussion The mass transfer of NP from the sediment bed to the bulk water decreased from 5.1± 0.6 μg d -1 to a stable value of 0.3±0.02 μg d -1 . The desorbed NP in the non-sterile reactors was biodegraded in the first 20 days of the experiment. At the end of the settled sediment conditions, the biodegradation became very limited, and the mass transfer was comparable to the mass transfer under sterile conditions. Upon resuspension, the NP concentration in the bulk water increased instantaneously in all reactors with a factor of 100. This immediate, increased mass transfer of NP from the sediment was larger than the amount that can be biodegraded under optimal conditions. Under non-sterile conditions, a second increase in the mass transfer was observed. However, the amount of desorbing NP during this second increase in mass transfer can be biodegraded under optimal environmental conditions. Conclusions NP desorbs continuously at low concentrations from the sediment bed into the bulk water, which can almost be completely biodegraded. Resuspension of NP-polluted sediment initially led to an increase in the desorbing NP concentrations and can be followed by a subsequent reduction of the concentrations due to biodegradation under environmental conditions where biodegradation of NP can occur.

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Section: Settling Sediment Conditions (Part I)mentioning

confidence: 75%

Nonylphenol mass transfer from field-aged sediments and subsequent biodegradation in reactors mimicking different river conditions

et al. 2009

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“…On the other hand, a previous report indicated that some sewage sludges contained high concentrations of NP, from 1.3 mmol/kg to 4.7 mmol/kg (Ekeland et al 1993). NP is also accumulated to a considerable degree in various plants and animals living in aquatic environments, and their bioconcentration factors in food chains of the ecologic system have shown very divergent values (13-to 1,000-fold; Ahel et al 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…They are degraded to free para-nonylphenol (NP) in seawater or sewage sludge (Ekeland et al 1993;Giger et al 1984), and it accumulates in plants and animals in the aquatic environment (Ahel et al 1993). Furthermore, NP leaks from autoclaved plastic and increases the cell growth and progesterone receptor expression of mammary tumor cells (Soto et al 1991), and stimulates the production of the estrogenic protein vitellogenin in fish hepatocytes (Jobling and Sumpters 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing effect of the endocrine disruptor para-nonylphenol on the generation of reactive oxygen species in human blood neutrophils.

Okai¹,

Sato²,

Higashi‐Okai³

et al. 2004

Environ Health Perspect

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Although para-nonylphenol (NP) is known as an endocrine disruptor, the immunologic effect of NP has been poorly analyzed. We found that NP from 5 to 50 microM caused a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human blood neutrophils, which was measured by using a chemiluminescence reagent, luminol. Furthermore, ROS-scavenging enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase and antioxidative agents alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene showed strong preventive effects on NP-induced ROS generation. To analyze the biochemical mechanism of NP-induced ROS generation in human neutrophils, we investigated the effects of different types of metabolic inhibitor for the activation pathways of ROS generation in the cells. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent oxidase inhibitor, diphenyl iodonium chloride and the myeloperoxidase inhibitor sodium azide (NaN3) showed remarkable inhibitory effects on ROS generation induced by NP, but an inhibitor against mitochondrial respiratory function, potassium cyanide (KCN), did not exhibit significant effect. Furthermore, the phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase inhibitor wortmannin and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor protein phosphorylation inhibitor 1 (PP1) caused strong suppression against NP-induced ROS generation. The selective protein kinase C inhibitor Ro-32-0432, p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB 203580, and ERK MAP kinase inhibitor PD 98059 also showed significant suppressive effects on NP-induced ROS generation. These results suggest that NP causes an enhancing effect on ROS generation in human blood neutrophils through the activation of signal transduction pathways associated with the respiratory burst function in these cells. Additionally, to examine in vivo effects of NP, we also analyzed the effects of NP itself and the synergistic effects of NP and a typical inflammatory agent, opsonized zymosan, on human whole blood including neutrophils.

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“…The consensus so far suggests that, in aerated surface waters, degradation of most of these compounds is likely to be relatively rapid, with half-lives from a few days to weeks -e.g. 0.2-9 d for E2 in river water (Ekelund et al, 1993;Jurgens et al, 2002;. Biodegradation experiments on aquifer materials demonstrated that, under aerobic conditions, the majority of E2 was lost in ten days, with a half-life of 2-7 d (similarly for NP), though EE2 degraded more slowly -with concentrations decreasing by 38% (wt/wt) after 70 d exposure (half-time 81 d).…”

Section: Persistence and Biodegradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For OP and NP in seawater, experimental half lives have been estimated at 60 and 5-58 d, respectively (Ekelund et al, 1993;. Generally, degradation of APs is temperature dependent (usually highest in summer months) reflecting optimum conditions for microbial communities.…”

Section: Persistence and Biodegradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning, bioavailability and effects of oestrogens and xeno-oestrogens in the aquatic environment

et al. 2005

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This review provides insights into the distribution and impact of oestrogens and xenooestrogens in the aquatic environment and highlights some significant knowledge gaps in our understanding of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Key areas of uncertainty in the assessment of risk include the role of estuarine sediments in mediating the fate and bioavailability of environmental (xeno)oestrogens (notably their transfer to benthic organisms and estuarine food chains), together with evidence for endocrine disruption in invertebrate populations.Emphasis is placed on using published information to interpret the behaviour and effects of a small number of 'model compounds' thought to contribute to oestrogenic effects in nature; namely, the natural steroid 17β-estradiol (E2) and the synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), together with the alkylphenols octyl-and nonylphenol (OP, NP) as oestrogen mimics. Individual sections of the review are devoted to sources and concentrations of (xeno)oestrogens in waterways, sediment partitioning and persistence, bioaccumulation rates and routes, assays and biomarkers of oestrogenicity, and, finally, a synopsis of reproductive and ecological effects in aquatic species.

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Biodegradation of 4-nonylphenol in seawater and sediment

Cited by 125 publications

References 9 publications

Nonylphenol mass transfer from field-aged sediments and subsequent biodegradation in reactors mimicking different river conditions

Nonylphenol mass transfer from field-aged sediments and subsequent biodegradation in reactors mimicking different river conditions

Enhancing effect of the endocrine disruptor para-nonylphenol on the generation of reactive oxygen species in human blood neutrophils.

Partitioning, bioavailability and effects of oestrogens and xeno-oestrogens in the aquatic environment

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