Biodegradation of 2-Nitrotoluene by Micrococcus sp. strain SMN-1

Mulla, Sikandar I.; Hoskeri, Robertcyril S.; Shouche, Yogesh S.

doi:10.1007/s10532-010-9379-3

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…These results suggest that an ortho cleavage pathway may be present in this strain. Contrary to our results, Bae et al (1996) and Liu et al (2002) found that the degradation of aniline goes through meta cleavage; also, Mulla et al (2011) found that Micrococcus sp. strain SMN-1 degraded 2-nitrotoluene through 3-methylcatechol by a meta-cleavage pathway, with release of nitrite.…”

Section: Ring Cleavage Enzymecontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Bioremediation of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and aniline by a Corynebacterium sp.

Ahmed¹,

Y²,

Kumosani³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Corynebacterium sp was isolated from the soil by using 3-5 dinitro benzoic acid (DNB) as a sole carbon source. The highest rate of degradation of aniline (AN) or DNB was found in the exponential phase of the growth of the bacterium. After 24 h, about 50% of DNB and 30% of AN were degraded by Corynebacterium sp. At a concentration of 0.5 to 1 g/L of AN or DNB, good growth was obtained and the protocatechuic acid was detected. The optimum concentration of yeast extract was 2 g/l. Catechol 1-2 dioxygenase was induced in the cells grown on a medium containing AN or DNB. A significant activity of this enzyme was detected, which means that ortho cleavage pathway may be present in Corynebacterium sp.

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Section: Ring Cleavage Enzymecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…strain JS42 (Haigler et al, 1994), Pseudomonas putida OU83 (Walia et al, 2003) and Micrococcus sp. (Mulla et al, 2011) could use 2-nitrotoluene as a sole source of carbon. Samanta et al (2000) isolated Ralstonias sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioremediation of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and aniline by a Corynebacterium sp.

Ahmed¹,

Y²,

Kumosani³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…strain SMN-1 and Diaphorobacter sp. strain DS2 grew on 2NT, 3NT, and NB and less well on 4NT (11,14). Only the enzymes from Comamonas sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…strain ZWL3NT (10), and Micrococcus sp. strain SMN-1 (14). All of these strains appear to have a similar oxidative pathway for the degradation of nitroarene substrates that involves the release of nitrite; however, while JS765 converts 3NT to 4-methylcatechol, Rhodococcus sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selection for Growth on 3-Nitrotoluene by 2-Nitrotoluene-Utilizing Acidovorax sp. Strain JS42 Identifies Nitroarene Dioxygenases with Altered Specificities

Mahan

Penrod

Kass

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Acidovorax sp. strain JS42 uses 2-nitrotoluene as a sole source of carbon and energy. The first enzyme of the degradation pathway, 2-nitrotoluene 2,3-dioxygenase, adds both atoms of molecular oxygen to 2-nitrotoluene, forming nitrite and 3-methylcatechol. All three mononitrotoluene isomers serve as substrates for 2-nitrotoluene dioxygenase, but strain JS42 is unable to grow on 3-or 4-nitrotoluene. Using both long-and short-term selections, we obtained spontaneous mutants of strain JS42 that grew on 3-nitrotoluene. All of the strains obtained by short-term selection had mutations in the gene encoding the ␣ subunit of 2-nitrotoluene dioxygenase that changed isoleucine 204 at the active site to valine. Those strains obtained by long-term selections had mutations that changed the same residue to valine, alanine, or threonine or changed the alanine at position 405, which is just outside the active site, to glycine. All of these changes altered the regiospecificity of the enzymes with 3-nitrotoluene such that 4-methylcatechol was the primary product rather than 3-methylcatechol. Kinetic analyses indicated that the evolved enzymes had enhanced affinities for 3-nitrotoluene and were more catalytically efficient with 3-nitrotoluene than the wild-type enzyme. In contrast, the corresponding amino acid substitutions in the closely related enzyme nitrobenzene 1,2-dioxygenase were detrimental to enzyme activity. When cloned genes encoding the evolved dioxygenases were introduced into a JS42 mutant lacking a functional dioxygenase, the strains acquired the ability to grow on 3-nitrotoluene but with significantly longer doubling times than the evolved strains, suggesting that additional beneficial mutations occurred elsewhere in the genome. N itroaromatic compounds are toxic and stable in the environment and are important components in the manufacture of dyes, polymers, explosives, and pesticides (1). The synthesis and widespread use of these products have caused environmental contamination of soil and groundwater (2, 3). In addition, nitroaromatic compounds tend to undergo reduction, resulting in the formation of mutagenic aromatic amines (4). Due to the stability, toxicity, and mutagenicity of these chemicals, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has designated several nitroaromatic compounds as priority pollutants (5).Although the majority of nitroarene compounds are anthropogenic, a number of microorganisms have developed the ability to utilize compounds of this chemical class as sources of carbon, nitrogen, and energy (6). Bacterial strains capable of growth on nitrobenzene (7-9), mononitrotoluenes (10-16), and dinitrotoluenes (17-19) have been isolated from various contaminated environments. For example, Acidovorax sp. strain JS42 (formerly Pseudomonas sp. strain JS42) uses nitrobenzene (NB) and 2-nitrotoluene (2NT) as sole sources of carbon, nitrogen, and energy (15,20), while Comamonas sp. strain JS765 is capable of growth on NB and 3-nitrotoluene (3NT) (9, 21). The first enzymes of each degradation pathway, 2-nitro...

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