Biodegradation of [14C]phenol in secondary sewage and landfill leachate measured by double-vial radiorespirometry

Deeley, George M.; Skierkowski, Paul; Robertson, James

doi:10.1128/aem.49.4.867-869.1985

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Alternatively, either the removal of an individual growthcontrolling (i.e., parent) compound by a sensitive substratespecific analysis (224) or the disappearance or production of 14 C-labeled chemicals can be assessed (48,115,192,233). The latter (high-cost) method has been successfully used for in situ measurements or at very low concentrations (micrograms per liter and lower) when other sensitive analytical techniques were not available.…”

Section: Quality Of Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Kinetics of Suspended Microbial Cells: From Single-Substrate-Controlled Growth to Mixed-Substrate Kinetics

Kovárová-Kovar

Egli

1998

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

628

260

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SUMMARY Growth kinetics, i.e., the relationship between specific growth rate and the concentration of a substrate, is one of the basic tools in microbiology. However, despite more than half a century of research, many fundamental questions about the validity and application of growth kinetics as observed in the laboratory to environmental growth conditions are still unanswered. For pure cultures growing with single substrates, enormous inconsistencies exist in the growth kinetic data reported. The low quality of experimental data has so far hampered the comparison and validation of the different growth models proposed, and only recently have data collected from nutrient-controlled chemostat cultures allowed us to compare different kinetic models on a statistical basis. The problems are mainly due to (i) the analytical difficulty in measuring substrates at growth-controlling concentrations and (ii) the fact that during a kinetic experiment, particularly in batch systems, microorganisms alter their kinetic properties because of adaptation to the changing environment. For example, for Escherichia coli growing with glucose, a physiological long-term adaptation results in a change in KS for glucose from some 5 mg liter−1 to ca. 30 μg liter−1. The data suggest that a dilemma exists, namely, that either “intrinsic” KS (under substrate-controlled conditions in chemostat culture) or μmax (under substrate-excess conditions in batch culture) can be measured but both cannot be determined at the same time. The above-described conventional growth kinetics derived from single-substrate-controlled laboratory experiments have invariably been used for describing both growth and substrate utilization in ecosystems. However, in nature, microbial cells are exposed to a wide spectrum of potential substrates, many of which they utilize simultaneously (in particular carbon sources). The kinetic data available to date for growth of pure cultures in carbon-controlled continuous culture with defined mixtures of two or more carbon sources (including pollutants) clearly demonstrate that simultaneous utilization results in lowered residual steady-state concentrations of all substrates. This should result in a competitive advantage of a cell capable of mixed-substrate growth because it can grow much faster at low substrate concentrations than one would expect from single-substrate kinetics. Additionally, the relevance of the kinetic principles obtained from defined culture systems with single, mixed, or multicomponent substrates to the kinetics of pollutant degradation as it occurs in the presence of alternative carbon sources in complex environmental systems is discussed. The presented overview indicates that many of the environmentally relevant apects in growth kinetics are still waiting to be discovered, established, and exploited.

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Section: Quality Of Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Kinetics of Suspended Microbial Cells: From Single-Substrate-Controlled Growth to Mixed-Substrate Kinetics

Kovárová-Kovar

Egli

1998

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

628

260

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“…For this purpose, two environmental pollutants, phenol and p-nitrophenol (PNP), were selected as test compounds. Because of their importance as pollutants, the biodegradation of these compounds has been extensively studied (2,8,19,20). A wide range of concentrations was used, and samples of lake water were collected at several times of year.…”

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confidence: 99%

Kinetics of mineralization of phenols in lake water

Jones¹,

Alexander²

1986

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The kinetics of mineralization of phenol and p-nitrophenol in lake water was determined at concentrations from 200 pg/ml to 5 micrograms/ml. The mineralization data were fit by nonlinear regression to equations for 14 kinetic models that describe patterns of biodegradation by nongrowing cells or by microorganisms growing on either the test chemical or other organic substrates. The kinetics od mineralization of phenol in water samples collected in July was best described by first-order models for 0.5 ng of phenol per ml; by Monod-without-growth, logistic, and logarithmic models for 1.0 and 2.0 ng/ml and 5.0 ng/ml to 1.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, if it is assumed that the mineralizing population uses phenol as the sole carbon source for growth; by models (for phenol at concentrations of 2.0 ng/ml to 1.0 micrograms/ml) that assume that the phenol-mineralizing populations do not grow or grow logarithmically or logistically on uncharacterized carbon compounds but metabolize the phenol when present at levels below and above Km, respectively, for that compound; and by a logarithmic model at 5.0 micrograms/ml. Under the test conditions, usually less than 10% of the phenol C that was metabolized was incorporated into microbial cells or retained by other particulate material in the water at substrate concentrations of 10 ng/ml or less, and the percentage increased at higher substrate concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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“…Earlier studies on flow were focused on simple REV-based approaches, predominantly involving models treating MSW as a homogeneous porous medium based on Darcy’s law incorporating advection–dispersion phenomena to represent solute transport (Ahmed et al, 1992; Bleiker et al, 1995; Chen and Chynoweth, 1995; Deeley et al, 1985; Demetracopoulos et al, 1986b; El-Fadel et al, 1997; Khanbilvardi et al, 1995; Pohland, 1980; Reinhart, 1996; Reinhart and Al-Yousfi, 1996; Sykes et al, 1982). For instance, the theory of unsaturated flow through homogeneous and isotropic porous media has been applied to study flow through MSW by Korfiatis et al (1984).…”

Section: Modelling Of Leachate Flow and Solute Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

The case for examining fluid flow in municipal solid waste at the pore-scale – A review

2019

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23In this paper, we discuss recent efforts from the last 20 years to describe transport in municipal 24 solid waste (MSW). We first discuss emerging themes in the field to draw the reader's attention to 25 a series of significant challenges. We then examine contributions regarding the modelling of 26 leachate flow to study transport via mechanistic and stochastic approaches, at a variety of scales. 27Since MSW is a multiphase, biogeochemically active porous medium, and with the aim of 28 providing a picture of transport phenomena in a wider context, we then discuss a selection of 29 studies on leachate flow incorporating some of the complex landfill processes (e.g. biodegradation, 30 settlement). It is clear from the literature survey that our understanding of transport phenomena 31 exhibited by landfilled waste is far from complete. Attempts to model transport have largely 32 consisted of applying representative elementary-scale models (the smallest volume which can be 33 considered representative of the entire waste mass). Due to our limited understanding of fluid flow 34 through landfilled waste, and the influence of simultaneously occurring biogeomechanical 35 processes within the waste mass, elementary-scale models have been unable to fully describe the 36 flow behaviour of MSW. Pore-scale modelling and experimental studies have proven to be a 37 promising approach to study fluid flow through complex porous media. Here, we suggest that pore-38 scale modelling and experimental work may provide valuable insights into transport phenomena 39 exhibited by MSW, which could then be used to revise elementary-scale models for improved 40 representation of field-scale problems. 41 42 43 44 4 KEYWORDS 45 municipal solid waste; modelling leachate transport; landfill; waste heterogeneity; preferential 46 flow. 47 6 2000; Rosqvist et al. , 2005) with some studies focusing on conceptual models of the pore structure 89 of MSW at the elementary scale Woodman et al., , 2015 Woodman et al., 90 2013). However, to date, our understanding of the flow of leachate, biogas and the impact of other 91 simultaneously occurring biogeochemical processes on flow and transport is incomplete, 92 especially at the pore-scale. This is particularly important to note since it is these pore-scale 93 processes, with the possibility of field-scale processes dominating particular facets at particular 94 times, that ultimately govern the overall behaviour in reactive porous media (Blunt, 2001; Blunt 95 et al., 2013;Menke et al., 2017;Xiong, 2015;Xiong et al., 2016). It is likely that processes average 96 over a wide range of different scales, which would explain the success of the widely used empirical 97 landfill gas models. The real challenge lies in the integration of modelling processes at all the 98 scales and understanding how averaging works. It is clear that one of the most difficult aspects to 99 model is the inherent heterogeneity of the waste mass, and the impact of different waste 100 components (e.g. their shapes, sizes and varyi...

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Biodegradation of [14C]phenol in secondary sewage and landfill leachate measured by double-vial radiorespirometry

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Growth Kinetics of Suspended Microbial Cells: From Single-Substrate-Controlled Growth to Mixed-Substrate Kinetics

Growth Kinetics of Suspended Microbial Cells: From Single-Substrate-Controlled Growth to Mixed-Substrate Kinetics

Kinetics of mineralization of phenols in lake water

The case for examining fluid flow in municipal solid waste at the pore-scale – A review

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