Biodegradation of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene in Soil and in Liquid Enrichment Culture

Marinucci, Andrew C.; Bartha, Richárd

doi:10.1128/aem.38.5.811-817.1979

Cited by 52 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…With mixed cultures it was shown in this study that most of the compounds were degraded under aerobic conditions, in line with data from the literature [17,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. However, several, especially higher chlorinated organic compounds are better dehalogenated under anaerobic conditions [15], and the anaerobic processes should be studied in further investigations.…”

Section: Microbiological Evaluation and Biodegradation Experimentssupporting

confidence: 88%

Microbiological and chemical evaluation of a site contaminated with chlorinated aromatic compounds and hexachlorocyclohexanes

Feidieker

1994

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Several soil and subsoil samples from a soil accumulation and from the aquifer of a site of a former pesticide production factory, which were contaminated with chlorinated benzenes (CB), chlorinated phenols (CP) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH) were investigated chemically for their content of individual pollutants, and microbiologically for the presence and the activity of different microorganisms. The samples of the soil accumulation (until 2 m depth) showed a higher content of chlorinated organic compounds (> 1000 mg extractable halogenated organic substances (EOX) kg−1 soil; ratio CB:HCH:CP = 88:10:2), than the samples from the aquifer (< 150 mg EOX kg− soil; ratio CB:HCH:CP = 88:6:6). All isomers of CB and CP, and the five important isomers of HCH could be detected in the samples. In samples of the accumulation, 1,2,3,4,‐tetrachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene were the dominant CB in the upper layers, and 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene in the lower layers. In almost all samples α‐HCH was predominant (> 50%) among the HCH. The major pollutant of samples from the aquifer was 1,2,4‐tricholorobenzene (> 50% of CB). Among the HCH, δ‐HCH was predominant, with only three exceptions. Degradation experiments with mixed bacterial cultures showed the aerobic degradation of monochlorobenzene, 1,3‐ and 1,4‐dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene, 1,2,3,4‐ and 1,2,4,5‐tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3‐tricholorobenzene only in combination with 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene, and α‐HCH, whereas 1,2‐dichlorobenzene, 1,3,5‐trichlorobenzene, β‐HCH, 4‐chlorophenol, and 2,4,5‐trichlorophenol were not significantly transformed. It should be stressed that the compounds which were biodegraded in the laboratory were present in relatively high concentrations in situ, indicating limiting factors in their in situ degradation. Soil and subsoil microorganisms were present in numbers up to 105 colony forming units (CFU) g−1 soil. In soil samples, Gram‐positive bacteria (coryneforms and Bacillus spp.) were dominant, mainly in the upper layers, but in the subsoil samples of the aquifer the majority of isolates were Gram‐negative and could be identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri, Ps. fluorescens, Aeromonas sp. and Acinetobacter sp. The degradation potential observed under laboratory conditions should be studied further under in situ conditions to assess the success of a bioremediation.

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Section: Microbiological Evaluation and Biodegradation Experimentssupporting

confidence: 88%

Microbiological and chemical evaluation of a site contaminated with chlorinated aromatic compounds and hexachlorocyclohexanes

Feidieker

1994

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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“…Biodegradation pathways have been well documented for chlorobenzenes, benzenes, styrenes, toluenes, and phenols [5–10] and catabolism of parent compounds is thought to be important in the environmental toxicity of anthropogenic chemicals [11]. Substituted benzenes and phenols are widely used anthropogenic chemicals that through atmospheric deposition, point source pollution, and the application of xenobiotic‐con‐taminated sewage sludge to soils have resulted in high environmental burdens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of toxicological interactions of benzene and its primary degradation products (catechol and phenol) using a lux‐modified bacterial bioassay

Boyd

Meharg²,

Wright³

et al. 1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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A bacterial bioassay has been developed to assess the relative toxicities of xenobiotics commonly found in contaminated soils, river waters, and ground waters. The assay utilized decline in luminescence of lux‐marked Pseudomonas fluorescens on exposure to xenobiotics. Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common bacterium in the terrestrial environment, providing environmental relevance to soil, river, and ground water systems. Three principal environmental contaminants associated with benzene degradation were exposed to the luminescence‐marked bacterial biosensor to assess their toxicity individually and in combination. Median effective concentration (EC50) values for decline in luminescence were determined for benzene, catechol, and phenol and were found to be 39.9, 0.77, and 458.6 mg/L, respectively. Catechol, a fungal and bacterial metabolite of benzene, was found to be significantly more toxic to the biosensor than was the parent compound benzene, showing that products of xenobiotic biodegradation may be more toxic than the parent compounds. Combinations of parent compounds and metabolites were found to be significantly more toxic to the bioassay than were the individual compounds themselves. Development of this bioassay has provided a rapid screening system suitable for assessing the toxicity of xenobiotics commonly found in contaminated soil, river, and ground‐water environments. The assay can be utilized over a wide pH range and is therefore more applicable to such environmental systems than bioluminescence‐based bioassays that utilize marine organisms and can only be applied over a limited pH and salinity range.

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“…Chlorinated phenols were the only detected transformation products. Marinucci and Bartha [4] have demonstrated aerobic mineralization of 1,2,3-and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in soil samples, using 14C-labelled substrate. However, the measured mineralization rates of 0.3-1.0 nmol/day per 20 g of soil sample are extremely low and only 10% of the initial amount of trichlorobenzene was recovered as 14CO2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductive dechlorination of all trichloro- and dichlorobenzene isomers

Bosma¹

1988

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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All three isomers of trichlorobenzene were reductively dechlorinated to monochlorobenzene via dichlorobenzenes in anaerobic sediment columns. The dechlorination was specific: 1,2,3‐ and 1,3,5‐trichlorobenzene were solely transformed to 1,3‐dichlorobenzene, while 1,4‐dichlorobenzene was the only product of 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene transformation. Microorganisms were responsible for the observed transformations. Since monochlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene are mineralized by bacteria in the presence of oxygen, the process of reductive dechlorination may be an important initial step to obtain complete mineralization of otherwise recalcitrant trichlorobenzenes. This is especially true for the 1,3,5‐isomer, which seems to resist biodegradation in oxic environments.

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Biodegradation of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene in Soil and in Liquid Enrichment Culture

Abstract: The biodegradation of radiochemically pure (99%) 1,2,3and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) in soil was investigated. Experimental difficulties posed by the high volatility and slow biodegradation rate of the TCBs were partially overcome by

Cited by 52 publications

References 14 publications

Microbiological and chemical evaluation of a site contaminated with chlorinated aromatic compounds and hexachlorocyclohexanes

Microbiological and chemical evaluation of a site contaminated with chlorinated aromatic compounds and hexachlorocyclohexanes

Assessment of toxicological interactions of benzene and its primary degradation products (catechol and phenol) using a lux‐modified bacterial bioassay

Reductive dechlorination of all trichloro- and dichlorobenzene isomers

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