Biodegradation in laboratory activated sludge plants and aquatic toxicity of herbicides

Nitschke, L.; Wilk, A.; Schüssler, Walter; Metzner, G.; Lind, George

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00140-x

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Experimental results indicated that metsulfuron-methyl was more toxic than isoproturon, which in turn was more toxic than PCP over 42 d. Based on continuous exposure, nominal 42-d growth rate EC50s for metsulfuron-methyl (0.99 mg/L), isoproturon (>100 mg/L), and PCP (4007 mg/L) are in agreement with values from short-term standard studies of 60 mg/L [29], 0.1 to 0.8 mg/L [20,30], and 2,370 mg/L [31]. Therefore, it appears that short-term assays with L. minor may provide adequate prediction of longer term impacts from continuous exposures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Effects of repeated pulsed herbicide exposures on the growth of aquatic macrophytes

Boxall

Fogg

Ashauer

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Many contaminants are released into aquatic systems intermittently in a series of pulses. Pulse timing and magnitude can vary according to usage, compound-specific physicochemical properties, and use area characteristics. Standard laboratory ecotoxicity tests typically employ continuous exposure concentrations over defined durations and thus may not accurately and realistically reflect the effects of certain compounds on aquatic organisms, resulting in potential over-or underestimation. Consequently, the relative effects of pulsed (2 and 4 d) and continuous exposures of the duckweed Lemna minor to isoproturon, metsulfuron-methyl, and pentachlorophenol over a period of 42 d were explored in the present study. At the highest test concentrations, exposure of L. minor to pulses of metsulfuronmethyl resulted in effects on growth similar to those of an equivalent continuous exposure. For isoproturon, pulsed exposures had a lower impact than a corresponding continuous exposure, whereas the effect of pentachlorophenol delivered in pulses was greater. These differences may be explained by compound-specific uptake and degradation or dissipation rates in plants and the recovery potential that occurs following pulses for different pesticides. Given these results, use of a simple time-weighted average approach to estimate effects of intermittent exposures from short-term standard toxicity studies may not provide an accurate prediction that reflects realistic exposure scenarios. Development of mechanistic modeling approaches may facilitate better estimates of effects from intermittent exposures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Effects of repeated pulsed herbicide exposures on the growth of aquatic macrophytes

Boxall

Fogg

Ashauer

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Since Lemna and Spirodela are inexpensive to maintain and the fronds are small, multiple treatments are easy to do simultaneously . Duckweed species have been used to test the toxicity of oils (King and Coley 1985), herbicides (Nitschke et al 1999), phenol (Barber et al 1995), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , among other toxicants.…”

Section: As An Inexpensive and Accurate Way Of Toxicity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Nutrient Phytoremediation Using Duckweed

Landesman

Fedler

Duan

2010

Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences and Control

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Over the last 40 years a great deal of research has been published on the use of duckweed to treat wastewater both from point sources (feedlots, food processing plants) and from non-point sources. These plants can recover nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from contaminated waters in those agricultural practices. They can also remove or accumulate metals, radionuclides, and other pollutants in their tissues. In addition, the duckweed can be used as a feed source for livestock and poultry as well as an energy source for biofuel production. A summary of some of the published work done using duckweed species to phytoremediate natural, domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters is presented.

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“…100%) even if this requires a long adaptation time (lag-phase) of activated sludge [26]. In real WWTPs, this presents a major difficulty since, like the majority of herbicides, MCPP is applied only during a short growth period of plants, which means that WWTPs that contain a non-adapted activated sludge, receive shock-loads of herbicides, which will not be eliminated (Table 4).…”

Section: Removal In Casmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater Treatment: Conventional Activated Sludge Treatment

Buttiglieri

Knepper

Emerging Contaminants From Industrial and Municipal Waste

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Biodegradation in laboratory activated sludge plants and aquatic toxicity of herbicides

Cited by 43 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of repeated pulsed herbicide exposures on the growth of aquatic macrophytes

Effects of repeated pulsed herbicide exposures on the growth of aquatic macrophytes

Plant Nutrient Phytoremediation Using Duckweed

Removal of Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater Treatment: Conventional Activated Sludge Treatment

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