Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Freed, Lisa E.; Vunjak‐Novakovic, Gordana; Biron, Robert J.; Eagles, Dana B.; Lesnoy, Daniel; Barlow, S. K.; Langer, Robert

doi:10.1038/nbt0794-689

Cited by 1,029 publications

(597 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…PGA fibers in the mesh scaffolding have some aggregate alignment due to the manufacturing processes used to make the nonwoven mesh (41). Silicone tubing having an OD of 3.1 mm and known compliance (Saint Gobain Performance Plastics) was threaded through the lumen so that applied cyclic pressurization of the tubing resulted in known radial distensions of the construct.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling tools for engineering collagenous tissues integrating bioreactors, intravital imaging, and biomechanical modeling

Niklason

Yeh

Calle

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Many investigators have engineered diverse connective tissues having good mechanical properties, yet few tools enable a global understanding of the associated formation of collagen fibers, the primary determinant of connective tissue stiffness. Toward this end, we developed a biomechanical model for collagenous tissues grown on polymer scaffolds that accounts for the kinetics of polymer degradation as well as the synthesis and degradation of multiple families of collagen fibers in response to cyclic strains imparted in a bioreactor. The model predicted well both overall thickness and stress-stretch relationships for tubular engineered vessels cultured for 8 weeks, and suggested that a steady state had not yet been reached. To facilitate future refinements of the model, we also developed bioreactors that enable intravital nonlinear optical microscopic imaging. Using these tools, we found that collagen fiber alignment was driven strongly by nondegraded polymer fibers at early times during culture, with subsequent mechano-stimulated dispersal of fiber orientations as polymer fibers degraded. In summary, mathematical models of growth and remodeling of engineered tissues cultured on polymeric scaffolds can predict evolving tissue morphology and mechanics after long periods of culture, and related empirical observations promise to further our understanding of collagen matrix development in vitro.collagen | connective tissue | optical microscopy | tissue engineering

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling tools for engineering collagenous tissues integrating bioreactors, intravital imaging, and biomechanical modeling

Niklason

Yeh

Calle

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…A highly porous scaffold (>90% porosity) is desirable, since it can support the growth of tissue for the necessary nutrients transport. 88,89 Porosity is a measure of the open pore volume within the matrix, often called the void fraction. Mathematically, porosity is defined as follows:…”

Section: Importance Of Spatial Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Cell colonization in degradable 3D porous matrices

Lawrence

Madihally

2008

Cell Adhesion & Migration

173

155

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Cell colonization is an important in a wide variety of biological processes and applications including vascularization, wound healing, tissue engineering, stem cell differentiation and biosensors. During colonization porous 3D structures are used to support and guide the ingrowth of cells into the matrix. In this review, we summarize our understanding of various factors affecting cell colonization in three-dimensional environment. The structural, biological and degradation properties of the matrix all play key roles during colonization. Further, specific scaffold properties such as porosity, pore size, fiber thickness, topography and scaffold stiffness as well as important cell material interactions such as cell adhesion and mechanotransduction also influence colonization.

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“…The chondrocyte phenotype can be reexpressed in these cells by culturing them in suspension, in agarose, with alginate beads, or on a hydrogel substrate (17,19,25,28,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). These changes in the biosynthetic profile of dedifferentiated chondrocytes resemble some of the phenotypic changes displayed by OA chondrocytes, and the matrix they produce is similar to that synthesized by chondroprogenitor cells (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)17,(37)(38)(39)(40).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the gene expression profile of differentiated and dedifferentiated human fetal chondrocytes by microarray analysis

Stokes¹,

Liu²,

Coimbra³

et al. 2002

Arthritis & Rheumatism

149

106

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Objective. To study the changes in patterns of gene expression exhibited by human chondrocytes as they dedifferentiate into fibroblastic cells in culture in order to better understand the mechanisms that control this process and its relationship to the phenotypic changes that occur in chondrocytes during the development of osteoarthritis (OA).Methods. Human fetal epiphyseal chondrocytes (HFCs) were cultured either on poly-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-coated plates (differentiated HFC cultures) or in plastic tissue culture flasks as monolayers (dedifferentiated HFC cultures). Following 11 days of culture under either condition, poly(A؉) RNA was isolated from the two cell populations and subjected to a gene expression analysis using a microarray containing ϳ5,000 known human genes and ϳ3,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs).Results. A >2-fold difference in the expression of 62 known genes and 6 ESTs was observed between the two cell types. The differences in expression of several of the genes detected by the microarray hybridization were confirmed by Northern analyses. Two transcription factor genes, TWIST and HIF-1␣, and a cellular adhesion protein gene, cadherin 11, were markedly regulated in response to differentiation and dedifferentiation. Expression of these genes was also detected in adult normal and OA cartilage and chondrocytes. Analysis of the gene expression profile of HFCs revealed a complex pattern of gene expression, including many genes not yet reported to be expressed by chondrocytes.Conclusion. Chondrocytes in monolayer become dedifferentiated, acquiring a fibroblast-like appearance and changing their pattern of gene expression from one of expression of chondrocyte-specific genes to one that resembles a fibroblastic or chondroprogenitor-like pattern. Changes in gene expression associated with the process of dedifferentiation of HFCs in vitro were observed in a wide variety of genes, including genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins, transcription factors, and growth factors. At least 3 of the genes that were regulated in response to dedifferentiation were also found to be expressed in adult normal and OA articular cartilage and chondrocytes.

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Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Cited by 1,029 publications

References 32 publications

Enabling tools for engineering collagenous tissues integrating bioreactors, intravital imaging, and biomechanical modeling

Enabling tools for engineering collagenous tissues integrating bioreactors, intravital imaging, and biomechanical modeling

Cell colonization in degradable 3D porous matrices

Assessment of the gene expression profile of differentiated and dedifferentiated human fetal chondrocytes by microarray analysis

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