Aliphatic poly(carbonate) (APC) is a kind of polymer with repeated units of [ROC(=O)O]
n
, where R is an aliphatic linker. This article introduces three universal synthetic methods to APCs, including alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) with epoxides, condensation of dialkyl carbonates with diols, condensation of CO
2
and diols (dihalides), and ring‐opening polymerization of the cyclic carbonates. The accessible catalyst systems for the copolymerization of CO
2
with epoxides are intensively discussed to understand the control of the microstructures of CO
2
‐based APCs. Special attention is paid to the metal‐free catalytic synthesis of APCs. Based on the catalysts for CO
2
‐based copolymers, a variety of di‐, tri‐, and multi‐block copolymers containing APC block are presented with the discussion of their syntheses, structures, and properties. The thermal, mechanical, biodegradable, and conductive properties of these APCs are described in detail with respect to the application.