Biodegradable PLA/PBAT/Clay Nanocomposites: Morphological, Rheological and Thermomechanical Behavior

Correa, Juan Pablo; Bacigalupe, Alejandro; Maggi, Jorge; Eisenberg, Patricia

doi:10.7569/jrm.2016.634117

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The nozzle diameter (d nozzle ) of the reference Felix printer was 0.35 mm and the samples were laid down flat (XY-oriented) on the printer bed covered with polyethyleneimine (PEI) film. The default printing parameter setup was designed as follows: shell thickness 1.05 mm, with a smooth shell to avoid premature cracking under load and to improve the strength of the sample; flow rate (f ) 100% (generated by the software which is related to the input v print ); infill overlap (o) 5%; lines infill pattern with raster angle ±45 • ; LT of 0.15 mm; first layer of 0.25 mm to confirm a good adhesion on the platform, thus the final thickness of 2.05 mm for a complete tensile bar (with first layer of 0.25 mm and 12 layers of LT 0.15 mm); printing speed (v print ) 40 mm s −1 comparable to previous work [39]; nozzle and bed temperature (T nozzle and T bed ) of 210 • C and 50 • C.…”

Section: Filament Preparation and Printed Part Preparation With Refersupporting

confidence: 83%

“…However, for a d nozzle of 0.25 mm (red triangles line in Figure 5a), the mass difference with increasing v print was insignificant, since more deposition time and heat transfer would trade the narrower RW off. In the right side of Figure 5, the sample mass at higher printing temperature (230 • C, red 3D surface) was significantly higher than the one printed at the lower temperature (210 • C, green 3D surface), considering the reduced viscosity below 230 • C ( Figure 6a); thus, material flew through the nozzle more easily [39]. Table 4.…”

Section: Dimension Stability and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Transferability and Design of Commercial Printer Settings in PLA/PBAT Fused Filament Fabrication

et al. 2020

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In many fused filament fabrication (FFF) processes, commercial printers are used, but rarely are printer settings transferred from one commercial printer to the other to give similar final tensile part performance. Here, we report such translation going from the Felix 3.0 to Prusa i3 MK3 printer by adjusting the flow rate and overlap of strands, utilizing an in-house developed blend of polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). We perform a sensitivity analysis for the Prusa printer, covering variations in nozzle temperature, nozzle diameter, layer thickness, and printing speed (Tnozzle, dnozzle, LT, and vprint), aiming at minimizing anisotropy and improving interlayer bonding. Higher mass, larger width, and thickness are obtained with larger dnozzle, lower vprint, higher LT, and higher Tnozzle. A higher vprint results in less tensile strain at break, but it remains at a high strain value for samples printed with dnozzle equal to 0.5 mm. vprint has no significant effect on the tensile modulus and tensile and impact strength of the samples. If LT is fixed, an increased dnozzle is beneficial for the tensile strength, ductility, and impact strength of the printed sample due to better bonding from a wider raster structure, while an increased LT leads to deterioration of mechanical properties. If the ratio dnozzle/LT is greater than 2, a good tensile performance is obtained. An improved Tnozzle leads to a sufficient flow of material, contributing to the performance of the printed device. The considerations brought forward result in a deeper understanding of the FFF process and offer guidance about parameter selection. The optimal dnozzle/vprint/LT/Tnozzle combination is 0.5 mm/120 mm s−1/0.15 mm/230 °C.

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Section: Filament Preparation and Printed Part Preparation With Refersupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Dimension Stability and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 98%

The Transferability and Design of Commercial Printer Settings in PLA/PBAT Fused Filament Fabrication

et al. 2020

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“…Although the immiscibility is more clearly seen in the SEM images of PLA1in Figure 1, the same phenomenon was also observed for PLA2 (Figure 1 and Figure S1). Similarly, phase‐separated features have been reported for PLA/PBAT blends 30–32 and explained by the poor interfacial adhesion between PLA and PBAT 30,31 . Micro‐ and nanosized talc particles have been used to improve the compatibility of immiscible blends of polypropylene (PP) and polyamide (PA6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Talc reinforcement of polylactide and biodegradable polyester blends via injection‐molding and pilot‐scale film extrusion

Helanto

Talja

Rojas

2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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As a renewable and biodegradable polymer, polylactide (PLA) has taken a foothold in the packaging industry. However, the thermomechanical and barrier properties of PLA-based films need to be improved to facilitate a wider adoption. To address this challenge, we examined the effect of talc reinforcement in composites based on PLA and a biodegradable polyester. Masterbatches of the polymers and talc were produced by melt compounding and processed by either injection-molding or film extrusion in a pilot-scale unit operating at 60-80 m/min. The effect of talc was investigated in relation to the morphological, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of the composites. Based on SEM-imaging, talc was found to increase the miscibility of PLA and the polyester while acting as a nucleating agent that improved PLA crystallinity. While this effect did not track with an increased mechanical strength, the composites with 3-4 wt% talc displayed a significantly higher barrier to water vapor. Compared to the neat polymer films, a reduction of water vapor transmission rate, by~34-37%, was observed at 23 C/50% RH. Meanwhile, the systems loaded with 1 wt% talc showed a reduction in oxygen transmission rates, by up to 34%. Our results highlight the challenges and prospects of commercial PLA-based blends filled with talc from films extruded in pilot-scale units.

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“…Nowadays, there is a great need to resolve problems associated with the high consumption of non-renewable resources, to produce non-degradable polymers, which is generating a high amount of plastic waste [ 1 ]; biodegradable aliphatic polymers, such as poly-hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), poly-butylene succinate (PBS), poly-butylene succinate-co-adipate (PBSA), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) or poly-lactic acid (PLA), are an important alternative [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Among these biopolymers, PLA is the key and promising biopolymer to develop new materials both in industry and in academy [ 5 ], commercially is the most traded and it is obtained from the fermentation of renewable sources such as whey, corn, potato, molasses, or sugar feed stocks to produce the monomer lactic acid [ 6 , 7 ], which is subsequently polymerized to a linear aliphatic thermoplastic polyester by a ring-opening synthesis procedure [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Extrusion Screw Speed and Plasticizer Proportions on the Rheological, Thermal, Mechanical, Morphological and Superficial Properties of PLA

et al. 2020

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One of the critical processing parameters—the speed of the extrusion process for plasticized poly (lactic acid) (PLA)—was investigated in the presence of acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) as plasticizer. The mixtures were obtained by varying the content of plasticizer (ATBC, 10–30% by weight), using a twin screw extruder as a processing medium for which a temperature profile with peak was established that ended at 160 °C, two mixing zones and different screw rotation speeds (60 and 150 rpm). To evaluate the thermo-mechanical properties of the blend and hydrophilicity, the miscibility of the plasticizing and PLA matrix, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), oscillatory rheological analysis, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), mechanical analysis, as well as the contact angle were tested. The results derived from the oscillatory rheological analysis had a viscous behavior in the PLA samples with the presence of ATBC; the lower process speed promotes the transitions from viscous to elastic as well as higher values of loss modulus, storage modulus and complex viscosity, which means less loss of molecular weight and lower residual energy in the transition from the viscous state to the elastic state. The mechanical and thermal performance was optimized considering a greater capacity in the energy absorption and integration of the components.

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Biodegradable PLA/PBAT/Clay Nanocomposites: Morphological, Rheological and Thermomechanical Behavior

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

The Transferability and Design of Commercial Printer Settings in PLA/PBAT Fused Filament Fabrication

The Transferability and Design of Commercial Printer Settings in PLA/PBAT Fused Filament Fabrication

Talc reinforcement of polylactide and biodegradable polyester blends via injection‐molding and pilot‐scale film extrusion

Effect of Extrusion Screw Speed and Plasticizer Proportions on the Rheological, Thermal, Mechanical, Morphological and Superficial Properties of PLA

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