Biodegradable nitric oxide precursor-loaded micro- and nanoparticles for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms

Abstract

Bacteria in biofilms are more difficult to eradicate than planktonic bacteria and result in treatment challenges for many chronic infectious diseases.

Nitrosyl linkage photoisomerization in heteroleptic fluoride ruthenium complexes derived from labile nitrate precursors

“…Since NO release from nitrosyl ruthenium complexes in solution occurs under the light excitation, these complexes are attractive species for photodynamic therapy applications 6 . In general, the investigation and searching for novel nitric oxide donors is an important field due to known biological properties of NO [7][8][9][10] . Recently, many researches emphasize significance of investigation of new nitric oxide carriers with respect to the fight with COVID-19 [11][12][13][14] .…”

Recent Developments in Nitric Oxide Donors and Delivery for Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Applications

“…Different nanomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs) have been designed for NO delivery, including inorganic silica NPs, surface functionalized metal oxide NPs, dendrimers, and core cross-linked star polymers. The physicochemical properties of such NO-releasing NPs (NO-NPs), such as size, shape, charge, and hydrophobicity, may be tuned by varying their core material, synthetic precursors and processes, and through various surface functionalization [105,[124][125][126]129,130,[133][134][135][136]. These modifications can improve the specificity and interaction of NO-NPs with bacteria or biofilms, enabling targeted NO release near the site of infection and reducing cytotoxicity against mammalian cells.…”

“…Its two degradation products, lactic acid and glycolic acid, are naturally processed and result in minimal systemic toxicities. As such, PLGA-based nano and microparticles were utilized and synthesized via emulsion solvent evaporation methods for the encapsulation and delivery of NO precursor ISMN or the NO donor polyethylenimine diazeniumdiolate (PEI/NONOate) [130,131]. ISMN encapsulated PGLA-based NPs displayed lower ISMN loading (0.4% vs. 2.2%, respectively) and slower initial NO release than corresponding microparticles (MPs) [130].…”

Nitric oxide (NO) and nanoparticles – Potential small tools for the war against COVID-19 and other human coronavirus infections

“…NO is a free radical gas that plays key roles in biological systems, as first demonstrated by the winners of the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in 1998, Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro and Ferid Murad ( Ignarro, 1999 ). Despite being involved in processes such as cell communication ( O’Toole et al, 2016 ), vasodilation, control of blood pressure ( Seabra et al, 2015 ), and wound healing ( Seabra, 2017 ), NO presents important antimicrobial and antitumoral properties, depending on its concentration ( Hasan et al, 2017 ; Pieretti et al, 2019 ). In 1988, NO was related to soft tissue relaxation in the penis, allowing the organ to become engorged.…”