Biodegradable Materials for Bone Repair and Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

This review discusses and summarizes the recent developments and advances in the use of biodegradable materials for bone repair purposes. The choice between using degradable and non-degradable devices for orthopedic and maxillofacial applications must be carefully weighed. Traditional biodegradable devices for osteosynthesis have been successful in low or mild load bearing applications. However, continuing research and recent developments in the field of material science has resulted in development of biomaterials with improved strength and mechanical properties. For this purpose, biodegradable materials, including polymers, ceramics and magnesium alloys have attracted much attention for osteologic repair and applications. The next generation of biodegradable materials would benefit from recent knowledge gained regarding cell material interactions, with better control of interfacing between the material and the surrounding bone tissue. The next generations of biodegradable materials for bone repair and regeneration applications require better control of interfacing between the material and the surrounding bone tissue. Also, the mechanical properties and degradation/resorption profiles of these materials require further improvement to broaden their use and achieve better clinical results.

Dental Applications of Nanodiamonds

“…Additionally, nanoparticles can also be used to improve the mechanical properties and bioactivity of surgical devices such as implants and graft materials. [1][2][3][4] In recent years, significant amount of research has been conducted to harness the excellent mechanical and biological properties of carbon-based nano-particles. Graphene oxide [5][6][7] , carbon nanotubes [8][9][10] and nanodiamonds [11][12][13][14] have been studied for possible applications in dentistry as well as medicine.…”

“…29 Lately, recent advances in dental materials have involved the incorporation of nano-sized particles and surface modifications to improve their mechanical and biological properties of dental implants, directive restorative materials and tissue regenerative materials. [1][2][3][4]30 Some examples of nano-sized particles that have been used in dentistry are: bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA) 31-36 fluorohydroxyapatite [37][38][39] (FHA) and bioglass 40,41 for implantmodification and guided tissue regeneration and nano-sized fillers such as silica and alumina to improve the mechanical and optical properties of restorative materials. 42,43 .…”

Tunable Degradation Rate and Favorable Bioactivity of Porous Calcium Sulfate Scaffolds by Introducing Nano-Hydroxyapatite

“…Biodegradable scaffolds are becoming extremely promising objects for bone substitution and repair [1][2][3][4]. They can provide a temporary structural support for cell growth and migration, and act as an extracellular matrix to induce tissue regeneration [5,6].…”

Effect of Alloying Elements on Properties of Biodegradable Magnesium Composite for Implant Application

“…The metal proposed for biodegradable implants is magnesium (Mg) because the density of Mg metals (1.7-2.0 g/cm 3 ) is close to the density of bone (1.7-2.1 g/ cm 3 ) while the densities of other metals such as titanium and stainless steel are much higher and densities of polymers are much lower [2]. In addition, Mg is biocompatible which mean that it does not have toxic or inflammable effects to the tissue and its surrounding.…”