Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys Developed as Bone Repair Materials: A Review

Liu, Chen; Ren, Zheng; Xu, Yating; Pang, Song; Zhao, Xinbing; Zhao, Ying

doi:10.1155/2018/9216314

Cited by 162 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Further evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy is necessary. Therefore, also other factors should be considered, such as:  biocompatibility -literature has shown, that alloying elements of MAP21 such as Zr, Zn and Nd added to the Mg alloys matrix can be absorbed by surrounding tissue and are biological nutrients or non-toxic elements [18]. In the case of last MAP21 alloying element, gadolinium, there are no enough Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of manufacturing method of the MAP21 magnesium alloy prepared by selective laser melting (SLM)

Gruber

Mackiewicz

Stopyra

et al. 2019

Acta Bioeng Biomech

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Magnesium alloys are well known for their biocompatibility and biodegradable properties [9], [27] owing to the fact that magnesium is a mineral crucial for human body, especially for bone tissue. There are studies [17] on using WE43 additively manufactured magnesium scaffolds for full bone and soft tissue regeneration. Moreover, magnesium implants in bones were investigated as having higher bone-implant interface strength than titanium ones [3]. In this paper, the results of the studies on MAP21 magnesium powder selective laser melting process optimization as a starting point for further bioapplications are presented. MAP21 magnesium alloy owing to its high mechanical properties, excellent vibration damping characteristic and good creep resistance is a promising material to be tested for scaffold structures. The study for the first time shows successful SLM manufacturing of dense samples made of MAP21 alloy. Using an algorithm based on design of experiment (DoE) method [21], the SLM process parameters were designated. The porosity was investigated as a SLM process optimization parameter. High density of produced sample, up to 99%, was achieved. Microstructure and oxidation level after selective laser melting (SLM) manufacturing were characterized. Fine grain microstructure and three kinds of precipitations were found Nd (Gd, Zr, Mg), Mg (Nd, Gd, Zr) and Mg (Zr, Nd, Gd, Zn)). In order to determine the mechanical properties of MAP21 alloy processed with SLM technology, static tensile tests and microhardness tests were conducted, resulting in mechanical properties (R m = 167 MPa, E = 38.6 GPa, 63-74 HB) comparable with as-cast alloy. A discussion was held on further research opportunities for biomedical use of SLM-ed MAP21 alloy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of manufacturing method of the MAP21 magnesium alloy prepared by selective laser melting (SLM)

Gruber

Mackiewicz

Stopyra

et al. 2019

Acta Bioeng Biomech

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“…On the other hand, Zr has a set of proper features for orthopedic purposes, e.g., high corrosion resistance, low specific weight, as well as biocompatibility (Lu et al, 2012). Accordingly, ZK series alloys, in particular, ZK40 and ZK60, have recently received considerable interest owing to their biocompatibility and biosafety (Liu et al, 2018). This suggests that ZK60 Mg alloy is a promising candidate for biodegradable metal implants for use in bone repair therapies (Byun et al, 2020).…”

Section: Mechanical Behavior Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties modeling of severely plastically deformed biodegradable ZK60 magnesium alloy for bone implants

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Lat. Am. j. solids struct.

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The effectiveness of magnesium (Mg) alloys to improve the capability of bone tissue generation may be severely diminished if the required mechanical properties are not provided. Here, the effort is directed to model the mechanical performance of severely plastically deformed biodegradable ZK60 Mg alloy in bone regeneration protocols. For this purpose, the effects of parallel tubular channel angular pressing (PTCAP) on yield strength (σYS), ultimate tensile strength (σUTS), and elongation to failure (δ) were addressed. Given the multifaceted variables of the PTCAP with nonlinear interactions, a precise determination of the mechanical properties requires a large number of experiments. Therefore, gene expression programming (GEP) and genetic programming (GP) models were proposed to achieve appropriate combinations of mechanical properties for bone implant purposes based on a rational hypothesis that for correlation coefficient (|R|) higher than 0.8, a strong correlation is established between the predicted and measured values. The results verified that the highest mechanical performance was achieved at the second pass of PTCAP, thus has a great potential to be the most promising candidate for biodegradable implant material. Besides, the proposed models were capable of precisely predicting the mechanical performance of the SPD-processed biodegradable ZK60 Mg.

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“…Thus, the development of bioresorbable implants, which provide the necessary support for the healing period of the vascular wall, and are gradually and completely resorbed afterwards without adverse effects for the surrounding tissues, has great prospects for the endovascular surgery. In this regard, magnesium (Mg) alloys have long been recognised as highly potent structural materials for medical applications [10] due to their exceptional combination of high strength, ductility, light weight and low Young's modulus with natural biocompatibility and biodegradability [11]. However, the degradability plays a dual role in the performance of temporary structures, as uncontrolled degradation may result in premature implant failure or exert an adverse effect on the surrounding tissues due to the excess hydrogen evolution [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Functional Properties of Mg–Zn–X Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys

et al. 2020

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The implantation of metallic devices in orthopaedic surgical procedures and coronary angioplasty is associated with the risk of various adverse events: (i) mechanical (premature failure), (ii) chemo-mechanical (corrosion and corrosion-fatigue degradation) and (iii) biomedical (chronic local inflammatory reactions, tissue necrosis, etc.). In this regard, the development of biodegradable implants/stents, which provide the necessary mechanical support for the healing period of the bone or the vessel wall and then are completely resorbed, has bright prospects. Magnesium alloys are the most suitable candidates for that purpose due to their superior mechanical performance, bioresorbability and biocompatibility. This article presents the results of the comparative research on several wrought biodegradable alloys, assessing their potential for biomedical applications. The Mg–Zn–X alloys with different chemical compositions and microstructures were produced using severe plastic deformation techniques. Functional properties pivotal for biomedical applications—mechanical strength, in vitro corrosion resistance and cytotoxic activity—were included in the focus of the study. Excellent mechanical performance and low cytotoxic effects are documented for all alloys with a notable exception for one of two Mg–Zn–Zr alloys. The in vitro corrosion resistance is, however, below expectations due to critical impurities, and this property has yet to be drastically improved through the cleaner materials fabrication processing before they can be considered for biomedical applications.

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Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys Developed as Bone Repair Materials: A Review

Cited by 162 publications

References 136 publications

Development of manufacturing method of the MAP21 magnesium alloy prepared by selective laser melting (SLM)

Development of manufacturing method of the MAP21 magnesium alloy prepared by selective laser melting (SLM)

Mechanical properties modeling of severely plastically deformed biodegradable ZK60 magnesium alloy for bone implants

The Functional Properties of Mg–Zn–X Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys

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