Biodegradable Ingredient-Based Emulgel Loaded with Ketoprofen Nanoparticles

Abstract

Biodegradable materials are extensively employed to design nanocarriers that mimic extracellular environment in arthritis. The aim of this study was to formulate and characterize biocompatible, biodegradable ketoprofen-loaded chitosan-chondroitin sulfate (CHS-CS) nanoparticles with natural ingredients for transdermal applications. Polymers used in the design of nanocarriers are biodegradable and produce synergistic anti-inflammatory effect for the treatment of arthritis. For transdermal application, argan oil-based emulgel is utilized to impart viscosity to the formulation. Furthermore, naturally occurring argan oil synergizes anti-inflammatory effect of formulation and promotes skin penetration. CHS and CS form nanoparticles by polyelectrolyte complex formation or complex coacervation at pH 5.0. These particles were loaded into argan oil-based emulgel. Employing this method, nanoparticles were formulated with particle size in the range of 300-500 nm. These nanocarriers entrapped ketoprofen and showed more than 76% encapsulation efficiency and 77% release of the ketoprofen at pH 7.4 within 72 h. Drug releases from CHS-CS nanoparticles by mechanism of simple diffusion. Nanoparticle-loaded argan oil emulgel significantly enhanced skin penetration of ketoprofen as compared to marketed gel (p < 0.05). Nanocarriers prepared successfully delivered drug through transdermal route using natural ingredients. Graphical abstract ᅟ.

Enhancement in Site-Specific Delivery of Carvacrol against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Induced Skin Infections Using Enzyme Responsive Nanoparticles: A Proof of Concept Study

“…All formulations exhibited maximum linearity for Korsmeyer–Peppas model (Table S3). Furthermore, n values (diffusion coefficient) for all NPs formulations were less than 0.4, suggesting simple Fickian diffusion of CAR from polymer [54].…”

Preparation and Evaluation of Atorvastatin-Loaded Nanoemulgel on Wound-Healing Efficacy

“…Due to the multiple side effects of oral statins, including myopathy and liver toxicity [15], topical drug delivery system is suggested to be a reasonable alternative to oral statin in wound healing, as it provides better drug delivery with prolonged action and less side effects [16]. Transdermal drug delivery systems include transdermal patches, gels, and emulgels [17,18,19]. Recently, nanoemulgel—a novel approach for topical delivery of hydrophobic drugs—has been reported to have several favorable properties including improved physical stability, non-toxicity, and a non-irritant nature [10,20].…”

Sr/PTA Metal Organic Framework as A Drug Delivery System for Osteoarthritis Treatment

“…Osteoarthritis (OA) is known as a primary cause of disability and functional incapacity in adults worldwide 1 which is largely associated with episodic pain, physical disability, and a reduction in quality of life. Recent evidence indicates an association of osteoarthritis with increased risk of mortality, and the prevalence of osteoarthritis rises markedly from the age of 50 years 2 .…”