Biodegradable Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Polycarbonates: Investigating the Role of Chemical Structure on Activity and Selectivity

Abstract

Scheme S1. General scheme for synthesis of dansyl-conjugated polycarbonates Table S1. Characterization data of dansyl-conjugated polycarbonates.

Copolymers of acrylonitrile with quaternizable thiazole and triazole side-chain methacrylates as potent antimicrobial and hemocompatible systems

“…4C) present a deflated structure, with some damages, agglomeration and some intracellular material leaked out from the cells. All these results are in accordance with the cell-disrupting mechanism of action produced by electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged cell walls and the positively charged thiazolium/triazolium copolymers [51,53,83,84].…”

“…The hemolytic activities of the polyelectrolytes against RBC from healthy donors were determined by the method of Helmerhorst et al [50] and in accordance with procedures recently reported in the literature [51]. The procedures are detailed in the ESI.…”

“…Bacteria and yeast strains were cultured in a similar protocol as antimicrobial measurements [51,53], i.e. treated with copolymers at MIC and incubated for 15 min.…”

“…This result may also be related to the decrease in the molecular weight of copolymers as the fraction of AN increases, which entails an increase in the diffusion rate of the copolymers in the broth media. In addition, it is important to mention that highly efficacious and non-hemolytic antimicrobial quaternized polycarbonates, described by Yang and Hedrick groups, are able to eliminate E. coli and S. aureus bacteria in 4 h [46,51]. Also, in comparison with reported results of composites consisting of a cationic poly(vinylpyridine) matrix and embedded silver bromide nanoparticles, these systems present 4 log-reduction in 1 h toward E. coli [80], while titania nanocomposites give 3-4 log-reduction in 15-30 min for different bacteria and fungi [81,82].…”

Helical antimicrobial polypeptides with radial amphiphilicity

“…There has also been growing interest in synthetic polymer-based AMP mimics bearing both cationic and hydrophobic groups, which can be prepared through cost-effective polymerization processes. For example, simplified polymeric AMP analogs have been developed, including poly (methacrylamides) (31), poly(β-lactams) (14,(32)(33)(34)(35), polypeptides (36)(37)(38), poly(norborenes) (39,40), and poly(carbonates) (41,42). These compounds are considerably less expensive than peptides, and much work is being done to optimize them.…”