Biodegradable and flexible fiber‐reinforced composite sheet from tannery solid wastes: An approach of waste minimization

Ahmed, Hasan; Noyon, Md. Ashikur Rahaman; Uddin, Md. Elias; Jamal, Mamun; Palaniappan, Sathish Kumar

doi:10.1002/pc.27644

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Furthermore, biodegradability was assessed through a soil burial test conducted over a period of 120 days, as described in a previous studies. 14,16 These comprehensive tests were conducted to ensure the suitability of the composite kraft paper for packaging applications.…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pure buffing dust exhibited an irregular layer and a long ribbon-like structure, resembling fibrils with a certain degree of surface orientation. 14,16 In contrast, pure jute fiber appeared bundled or entangled, forming a network within the composite material. The SEM image indicated the presence of an interfacial layer and interactions among the fibers, particles, and matrix material.…”

Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 In the leather manufacturing process, only 20%-25% of the raw materials are transformed into finished leather, while the remaining portion is released into the environment as solid waste. [13][14][15][16] Globally, the leather industry generates around 600,000 tons of solid waste each year, with approximately 2-6 kg of buffing waste being produced for every ton of leather manufactured. 11,16 Proper disposal of these solid wastes is essential, and waste management techniques such as anaerobic digestion, open dumping, and heat combustion are commonly employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these methods pose significant environmental challenges. 11,[14][15][16] In recent years, researchers have focused on utilizing these solid wastes in various industries, including the creation of composites and the evaluation of their characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fiber-reinforced composites have gained widespread acceptance as structural and non-structural components due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, small size, and ease of processing. [14][15][16] Extensive research has been conducted to fabricate composites using waste materials from the leather industry, such as finished leather waste combined with natural plant fibers, resulting in polymeric composites. 17 Furthermore, biodegradable and low-cost composite films have been developed by combining leather buffing waste, leather shavings, and low-density polyethylene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of biodegradable kraft paper from buffing dust and jute fiber: Green solutions for packaging

Noyon,

Karim,

Rouf

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Addressing solid waste recycling, this study aims to develop biodegradable kraft paper from buffing dust (BD) and post‐consumed jute fiber (JF). Employing a simple solution casting method with a polyurethane binder, the kraft paper was fabricated and characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, OTR, biodegradability, and tensile tests. The findings revealed covalent and hydrogen bonding between BD and JF, forming a uniform surface. Notably, the composite exhibited improved thermal stability, enhanced gas barrier properties, and biodegradability compared to individual components. Furthermore, the composite also showed 57% higher tensile strength, 38% greater elongation, 20% increased hardness, and 9% higher density compared to buffing dust. Compared to jute fiber, the increases were 125%, 91%, 30%, and 19% respectively. Moreover, the composite excelled in gas barrier performance, surpassing BD and JF by a remarkable 61% and 73% increase respectively. These significant findings underscore the vast potential of the composite kraft paper as a versatile material suitable for various applications, including packaging, interior furnishing industries, and reinforcing elements in the footwear industry. By addressing waste management and promoting sustainability, this research contributes to the development of eco‐friendly materials that align with contemporary environmental concerns.Highlights Covalent and hydrogen bonding enhance uniformity. Biodegradable kraft paper with improved properties. Impressive tensile strength, elongation, and hardness. Versatile material for eco‐friendly applications. Promotes sustainability and waste management.

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Section: Physical and Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fabrication of biodegradable kraft paper from buffing dust and jute fiber: Green solutions for packaging

Noyon,

Karim,

Rouf

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Effect of hygrothermal aging on novel hybrid composites: Transforming textile waste into a valuable product

Russel,

Nagappan,

Karsh

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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The textile industry now produces thousands of tons of waste worldwide, and the total amount of discarded material waste increases yearly. Hygrothermal aging of cotton/E‐glass (hybrid) fiber reinforced with various proportions of graphene oxide (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) was performed. Epoxy and vinyl ester (50:50) have been chosen because of the Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) concept. Laminates were subjected to 50, 60, and 70°C temperatures for 180 days. Further, Tg and the degree of cross‐linking have been determined by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC analysis proves that a hot water bath enhances the cross‐linking of the polymer. IPN laminates were also intermittently weighed for water uptake, and their consecutive mechanical properties like tensile, flexural, and impact strength were obtained. From this work, it was observed that the addition of 5 w.t% graphene oxide in cotton/E glass fiber vinyl ester/epoxy resin hybrid IPN composites showed a tensile strength of 375.61 MPa, flexural strength of 393.54 MPa, Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of 49 MPa and the impact strength of 22.54 MPa. Moreover, the lowest inclusion of particulate addition exhibits better mechanical properties than (up to 5% of GO) the highest particulate loading into the matrix. SEM study was conducted on the broken specimens to know the impact of diffusion characteristics on the physical properties of the IPN composites.Highlights Natural and synthetic fibers are used as reinforcements. Waste cotton/E glass fiber vinyl epoxy composites are fabricated. Laminates were subjected to diverse temperatures for 180 days. The moisture diffusion coefficient is proportional to water temperature. Bathtub temperature affects the tensile strength of the laminate.

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Integrating response surface methodology and machine learning for analyzing the unconventional machining properties of hybrid fiber‐reinforced composites

Vinoth,

Sathiyamurthy,

Saravanakumar

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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The aim of this investigation was to delve into the impact of abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) process variables on the surface roughness (Ra) and kerf angle (Ka) of hybrid fiber‐reinforced polyester composites. Utilizing both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) prediction models, the study sought to optimize the input parameters for abrasive water jet machining, specifically in the context of paddy straw and PALF‐reinforced polyester hybrid composites. The process parameters targeted for optimization included the abrasive flow rate, traverse rate, and standoff distance during AWJM. The investigation identified an optimal combination of AWJM parameters that effectively meets the practical requirements for machining hybrid fiber‐reinforced polyester composites. According to the RSM, the suggested optimal values for the process parameters are an abrasive flow rate set at 300 g/min, traverse speed at 110 mm/min, and standoff distance at 1 mm. The ANN exhibited robust predictive capabilities, achieving high R2 scores of 0.932 and 0.962 for surface roughness and kerf angle, respectively. To enhance the performance of abrasive water jet machining and minimize surface roughness and kerf angle, the researchers conducted an optimization of the process parameters. Subsequently, confirmation experiments were executed to validate the predictive model and fine‐tune the set of process parameters for practical application.Highlights Investigated AWJM impact on Ra value and kerf angle of hybrid composites. Used RSM and ANN models for parameter optimization in biocomposite. Optimal AWJM parameters: AFR (300 g/min), TS (110 mm/min), and SOD (1 mm). ANN showed strong predictions: R2 scores 0.932 (Ra) and 0.962 (Ka). Confirmation experiments validated the predictive model for applications.

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Biodegradable and flexible fiber‐reinforced composite sheet from tannery solid wastes: An approach of waste minimization

Cited by 9 publications

References 62 publications

Fabrication of biodegradable kraft paper from buffing dust and jute fiber: Green solutions for packaging

Fabrication of biodegradable kraft paper from buffing dust and jute fiber: Green solutions for packaging

Effect of hygrothermal aging on novel hybrid composites: Transforming textile waste into a valuable product

Integrating response surface methodology and machine learning for analyzing the unconventional machining properties of hybrid fiber‐reinforced composites

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