Biodegradability Studies of Certain Wood Preservatives in Groundwater as Determined by the Respirometric Bod Oxitop Method

Vähäoja, Pekka; Piltonen, Petteri; Hyvönen, Anna; Niinimäki, Jouko; Jalonen, Jorma; Kuokkanen, Toivo

doi:10.1007/s11270-005-6912-9

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…In this method, micro-organisms in the sample consume oxygen and form CO 2 , which is absorbed by NaOH, creating a vacuum which can be read directly and automatically as a measured value in mg L À 1 BOD (Vähäoja et al, 2005).…”

Section: Determination Of the Chemical And Geotechnical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and leaching properties of paper mill sludge

Kuokkanen

Nurmesniemi

Pöykiö

et al. 2008

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Paper mills produce large amounts of paper mill sludge in the treatment of process water. According to overburden studies, the hydraulic conductivity of the paper mill sludge originating from a paper mill in Northern Finland at a pressure of 30 kPa was 4.4610 À 10 m s À 1 , and 1.7610 À 10 m s À 1 at a pressure of 100 kPa. These values well meet the generally required values of between 1.0610 À 7 m s À 1 and 1.0610 À 9 m s À 1 for a geological barrier in landfill base and sides at landfills in the European Union. Paper mill sludge can also be used in the artificially constructed geological barrier layer of landfill cover structures. The angle of internal friction of the paper mill sludge was 34.8 and the cohesion of interparticle adhesion 23 kPa, which are important measures for assessing the shear strength of paper mill sludge and thus the stability of the landfill layer in which it is used. During a 28-day period, the biodegradability of the paper mill sludge in soil was ca 0.4% and in ground water under 1%, whereas according to the OECD 301F standard concentrations (BOD 28 ), it was ca 8%. For the determination of total element concentrations in the paper mill sludge, the dried sample was digested using USEPA method 3052. A five-stage sequential leaching procedure was also used to fractionate trace elements in the paper mill sludge between the water-soluble (H 2 O), exchangeable (CH 3 COOH), easily reduced (HONH 3 Cl), oxidizable (H 2 O 2 þ CH 3 COONH 4 ), and (5) the residual (HF þ HNO 3 þ HCl) fractions. This paper covers also examples of case studies how paper mill sludge is utilized in Finland.

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Section: Determination Of the Chemical And Geotechnical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and leaching properties of paper mill sludge

Kuokkanen

Nurmesniemi

Pöykiö

et al. 2008

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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“…The prepared diluent water must have a pH of 7. , the biodegradability of substances in water sparingly soluble, as well as petroleum oil contaminants in water, is to be determined by a suitable respirometric test. Vähäoja et al 25 focus on the biodegradability measurements of tall oil-based wood preservatives and their raw materials in groundwater as determined by the respirometric BOD OxiTop method. Certain substances were also analyzed in standard conditions described by OECD 301 E. The respiratory measurement is based on measuring changes in pressure in a closed sampling bottle.…”

Section: Acute Toxicity Test On Daphnia (Daphnia Magna)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Regeneration Cleaning of Used Mineral Oils – Ecotoxicological Properties and Biodegradation

Hybská¹,

Veľková²,

Samešová³

et al. 2018

Chem.Biochem.Eng.Q.

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The aim of the study was to establish and compare the model of the biodegradability and ecotoxicological properties of oil samples in aqueous environment.The unused new mineral oil Turbinol and used (after 1 year of usage) recovered oil Turbinol purified by the electrostatical method were the tested samples. For the determination of the ecotoxicological properties, the test organisms used were seeds of Sinapis alba L. and the small aquatic crustaceans Daphnia magna. Preliminary tests were positive and determined the acute toxicity with the values of IC 50 and EC 50 . Biodegradability was determined by the manometric method, in tests which lasted 28 days. Tests of toxicity were positive, and the samples were found to be hard to biodegrade. Determination of the oil composition by gas chromatography with mass detection (GC -MS); found that the composition of the electrostatically cleaned oil is comparable to the new oil, which is confirmed by the results obtained with the response inhibition in selected tests. Regeneration extends the oil life, reducing the cost of disposal of waste oils, saving fossil raw materials, thus belonging to the environmentally friendly techniques.

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“…The instrument monitors the diminishing of pressure in the bottle. In OECD 301F tests in solution (Vähäoja et al 2005a), the BOD value is calculated automatically by the OxiTop instrument, by applying the following equation:…”

Section: Respirometric Manometric Bod Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical methods in the development of eco-efficient wood-based pellet production and technology

Kuokkanen

Stoor

et al. 2009

Waste Manag Res

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Up to 20 million tons of waste wood biomass per year is left unused in Finland, mainly in the forests during forestry operations, because supply and demand does not meet. As a consequence of high heat energy prices, the looming threat of climate change, the greenhouse effect, and due to global as well as national demands to considerably increase the proportion of renewable energy, there is currently tremendous enthusiasm in Finland to substantially increase pellet production. As part of this European objective to increase the eco- and cost-efficient utilization of bio-energy from the European forest belt, the aim of our research group is - by means of multidisciplinary research, especially through chemical methods - to promote the development of Nordic wood-based pellet production in both the qualitative and the quantitative sense. Wood-based pellets are classified as an emission-neutral fuel, which means that they are free from emission trading in the European Union. The main fields of pellet research and the chemical toolbox that has been developed for these studies, which includes a new specific staining and optical microscope method designed to determine the cross-linking of pellets in the presence of various binding compounds, are described in this paper. As model examples illustrating the benefits of this toolbox, experimental data is presented concerning Finnish wood pellets and corresponding wood-based pellets that include the use of starch-containing waste potato peel residue and commercial lignosulfonate as binding materials. The initial results concerning the use of the developed and optimized specific staining and microscopic method using starch-containing potato peel residue as binding material are presented.

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Biodegradability Studies of Certain Wood Preservatives in Groundwater as Determined by the Respirometric Bod Oxitop Method

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Chemical and leaching properties of paper mill sludge

Chemical and leaching properties of paper mill sludge

Study of the Regeneration Cleaning of Used Mineral Oils – Ecotoxicological Properties and Biodegradation

Chemical methods in the development of eco-efficient wood-based pellet production and technology

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