Biocultural Rights: A New Paradigm for Protecting Natural and Cultural Resources of Indigenous Communities

Chen, Cher Weixia; Gilmore, Michael P.

doi:10.18584/iipj.2015.6.3.3

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Translated into legal terms, such understanding embraces the concept of integral ecology on the basis of the construction of biocultural rights [14]. Integral ecology embraces biological rights (e.g., right to life, to health, to food) and cultural rights (e.g., right to develop and conserve individual and collective knowledge on life, health, and food) in their integrality [15]. The integrality of biocultural rights has three manifestations [15].…”

Section: A Legal Analysis In the Context Of Integral Ecology (Ie)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Integral ecology embraces biological rights (e.g., right to life, to health, to food) and cultural rights (e.g., right to develop and conserve individual and collective knowledge on life, health, and food) in their integrality [15]. The integrality of biocultural rights has three manifestations [15]. First, the concept combines nature with culture in a way that biodiversity and cultural diversity are interdependent and inextricably linked.…”

Section: A Legal Analysis In the Context Of Integral Ecology (Ie)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suggesting an Extensive Interpretation of the Concept of Novelty That Looks at the Bio-Cultural Dimension of Food

Poto

Morel

2021

Sustainability

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“Novel food” in the European Union’s (EU) legal terms refers to any food that was not used for human consumption to a significant degree within the EU before 15 May 1997 (Regulation 2015/2283/EU (2015)). Placing novel food on the market requires a safety assessment when such novelty is ascertained, with the consequent need of an authorization procedure that is not required for food traditionally conceived in the EU. Studies have highlighted how such a Eurocentric proof of traditional/novel use of food results in unequal treatment of third countries, with a slowdown of their market investments in the EU market. This contribution addresses this aspect by critically examining the disparity of treatment and suggesting the adoption of a wide-ranging interpretation of food novelty that considers the biocultural context in which food is embedded. This work is based on a critical legal analysis through the hermeneutics of Reg. 2015/2283/EU (2015) and a case study on algae from Northern Norway and Sápmi, carried out by the project SECURE. We conclude that a legal interpretation connecting food to its biocultural context would contribute to qualify it as traditional and therefore facilitate its placement on the market. Our case study provides an example of the macroalgae collected in Northern Norway/Sápmi that through the criterion of the biocultural context would qualify as traditional food, without recourse to the authorization procedure. Further research could assess whether the European Commission’s list of authorized novel foods (which include algae whose status as novel food has been inquired and assessed) expands to also comprehend some of the low-trophic marine resources (LTMR) harvested in Northern Norway/Sápmi.

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Section: A Legal Analysis In the Context Of Integral Ecology (Ie)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Legal Analysis In the Context Of Integral Ecology (Ie)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suggesting an Extensive Interpretation of the Concept of Novelty That Looks at the Bio-Cultural Dimension of Food

Poto

Morel

2021

Sustainability

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“…Customary institutions of Indigenous Peoples often recognise the deep connections between nature and people in a more integrated manner (Parotta and Trosper, 2012;Chen and Gilmore, 2015) based on relational values (Jeeva et al, 2006;Clark and Slocombe, 2009;Samakov and Berkes, 2017), kinship-oriented philosophies (Salmón, 2000;Bird, 2011;Aniah and Yelfaanibe, 2016) and a powerful stewardship ethics (Gammage, 2011;Kohn, 2013). The strong overlap between Indigenous territories and biodiversity hotspots in the world today (Gorenflo et al, 2012;Garnett et al, 2018) suggests that we may find inspirations from Indigenous knowledge systems for new stories about nature, for achieving sustainability.…”

Section: Implications For Policy Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple conceptualizations of nature are key to inclusivity and legitimacy in global environmental governance

Coscieme

Hyldmo

Fernández‐Llamazares

et al. 2020

Environmental Science & Policy

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Despite increasing scientific understanding of the global environmental crisis, we struggle to adopt the policies science suggests would be effective. One of the reasons for that is the lack of inclusive engagement and dialogue among a wide range of different actors. Furthermore, there is a lack of consideration of differences between languages, worldviews and cultures. In this paper, we propose that engagement across the science-policy interface can be strengthened by being mindful of the breadth and depth of the diverse human-nature relations found around the globe. By examining diverse conceptualizations of "nature" in more than 60 languages, we identify three clusters: inclusive conceptualizations where humans are viewed as an integral component of nature; non-inclusive conceptualizations where humans are separate from nature; and deifying conceptualizations where nature is understood and experienced within a spiritual dimension. Considering and respecting this rich repertoire of ways of describing, thinking about and relating to nature can help us communicate in ways that resonate across cultures and worldviews. This repertoire also provides a resource we can draw on when defining policies and sustainability scenarios for the future, offering opportunities for finding solutions to global environmental challenges.

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“…Niin perinteinen tieto kuin biodiversiteettisopimuksen velvoitteetkin liittyvät kiinteästi ajatukseen biokulttuurisesta monimuotoisuudesta. Biokulttuurinen monimuotoisuus on käsite, joka yhdistää biologisen monimuotoisuuden ihmisten kulttuurin ja kielten rikkauteen (Chen & Gilmore 2015). Biokulttuurinen monimuotoisuus kattaa siis käytännössä kaikki alueisiin liittyvät kulttuuriset ja biologiset arvot eliölajeista pyhiin paikkoihin.…”

Section: Johdantounclassified

Perinteinen ja paikallinen tieto maankäytön suunnittelussa – esimerkkinä Enontekiö

Markkula

Turunen

Tuulentie

et al. 2020

A&Y

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Maankäyttö- ja rakennuslaki edellyttää vuorovaikutteisuutta ja paikallisten ihmisten osallistamista maankäytön suunnittelussa. Kokemusperäisen paikallistiedon ja perinteisen tiedon tuominen osaksi suunnitteluprosesseja edistää vuorovaikutteisuutta ja parantaa osallistamista. Biologista monimuotoisuutta koskeva yleissopimus edellyttää perinteisen tiedon huomioimista maankäytön suunnittelussa Suomen saamelaisalueella. Sopimuksen velvoitteiden täyttämiseksi Metsähallitus on ensimmäisenä maailmassa ottanut käyttöön vapaaehtoiset Akwé: Kon -ohjeet. Tarkastelemme tässä tutkimuksessa Akwé: Kon -ohjeiden soveltamiseen liittyviä kokemuksia, sekä kartoitamme kokemusperäisen paikallisen ja perinteisen tiedon sisällyttämiseen maankäytön suunnittelussa liittyviä haasteita. Koska paikallista ja perinteistä tietoa enenevässä määrin kerätään paikkatietomenetelmiä käyttäen, pohdimme myös erityiskysymyksiä, joita osallistavien paikkatietomenetelmien käyttöön saamelaisalueella liittyy. Tutkimus pohjautuu vuosina 2016–2018 Enontekiöllä tehtyyn paikkatietokyselyyn sekä maankäytön parissa toimivien virkamiesten ja paikallisten saamelaisten poronhoitajien haastatteluihin. Paikallisen kokemusperäisen ja perinteisen tiedon sisällyttämiseen osaksi maankäytön suunnitteluprosesseja liittyy edelleen haasteita. Saamelaiset informantit toivat ilmi, että poronhoitolaki ei suojaa riittävästi saamelaista poronhoitoa ja siihen liittyvää ylisukupolvista tietoa. Metsähallituksen suunnittelijat toivat esiin paikallistiedon tarkan paikantamisen tarpeen sekä ongelmat, joita syntyy, kun kokemusperäistä paikallista ja perinteistä tietoa sisällytetään suunnittelujärjestelmiin. Osallistavat paikkatietomenetelmät voivat tarjota toimivan työkalun perinteisen tiedon dokumentointiin, mutta saamelaiseen kulttuuriperintöön ja nautinta-alueisiin liittyy sellaisia ratkaisemattomia kysymyksiä, jotka tekevät tiedon paikantamisen kartoille haasteelliseksi.

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Biocultural Rights: A New Paradigm for Protecting Natural and Cultural Resources of Indigenous Communities

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Suggesting an Extensive Interpretation of the Concept of Novelty That Looks at the Bio-Cultural Dimension of Food

Suggesting an Extensive Interpretation of the Concept of Novelty That Looks at the Bio-Cultural Dimension of Food

Multiple conceptualizations of nature are key to inclusivity and legitimacy in global environmental governance

Perinteinen ja paikallinen tieto maankäytön suunnittelussa – esimerkkinä Enontekiö

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