Biocultural Homogenization in Urban Settings: Public Knowledge of Birds in City Parks of Santiago, Chile

Celis‐Diez, Juan L.; Muñoz, César; Abades, Sebastián; Marquet, Pablo A.; Armestó, Juan J.

doi:10.3390/su9040485

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, the highly endemic, Mediterranean-climate ecosystems of central Chile [34,55] also harbor the largest human population, and are the center of the farming and forestry industry in Chile [56]. Recovering some of the ancestral knowledge of ecosystems and traditional management practices in central Chile remains difficult due to the loss of local knowledge and the extinction of experiences in dealing with diverse ecosystems (i.e., [57]).…”

Section: Relation Between Indigenous Communities and Tlk Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional and Local Knowledge in Chile: Review of Experiences and Insights for Management and Sustainability

et al. 2020

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Scientific interest in traditional and local knowledge (TLK) has grown in recent decades, because of the potential of TLK for improving management and conservation practices. Here, we synthesize and evaluate TLK studies in Chile, discuss how this progress compares to the international scientific literature in the field, and contextualize our results according to the multiple evidence base approach. We found 77 publications on the subject, a steady increase since 1980, and a peak production in the 1990s and the 2010s decades. Publications most often provide basic information on species names and lists of resource uses in terrestrial rather than marine ecosystems. Papers had an emphasis on natural, rather than social sciences. Work was concentrated on the extreme northern and southern regions of Chile where more indigenous populations are found. Indigenous ethnic groups received greater attention than non-indigenous people. Future work in Chile must broaden its attention to local and urban communities and focus on how TLK can contribute to management and sustainability, rather than only acquiring the basic knowledge contained in local and traditional communities. To better comprehend TLK's contribution to policy measures, an interdisciplinary approach must be present to address these knowledge gaps.knowledge can provide a more detailed perspective of the ecosystem rather than using only scientific information [14,15].Traditional ecological knowledge has been broadly defined as a "cumulative body of knowledge, practices, and beliefs about the relationship between humans and their environment, which changes over time through an adaptive process" [15]. TLK has been the focus of diverse disciplines including conservation biology or environmental anthropology [8]. Two major perspectives have prevailed in the literature: one focusing on the millennial knowledge accumulated by indigenous people, called traditional knowledge, but also imbricated with other concepts, such as indigenous knowledge, indigenous traditional knowledge, and indigenous environmental knowledge, among others [1]. The second perspective focuses on the knowledge held by local communities with a majority of non-indigenous people, termed local ecological knowledge. In this review of the literature, we refer to both perspectives as TLK.This type of collective knowledge of nature rooted in social history can offer alternatives to enhance the compatibility of biodiversity and ecosystem conservation with productive uses of nature [16,17]. The contributions to locally acceptable conservation measures are also a benefit derived from local knowledge [18]. However, differences in epistemological approaches, context, motivation, and conceptual underpinnings have obstructed the integration of traditional forms of knowledge with formal scientific understanding [8,15]. A common language is necessary to ascertain how these two approaches can lead to knowledge accumulation [15]. This is particularly relevant in global scenarios where scientific knowledge is expanding,...

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Section: Relation Between Indigenous Communities and Tlk Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional and Local Knowledge in Chile: Review of Experiences and Insights for Management and Sustainability

et al. 2020

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“…We assessed formal ecological knowledge based on Pilgrim et al [25] and Celis-Diez et al [24], considering it as the ability to recognize or name different urban plants (n = 10) and birds (n = 10) present in our studied urban park. For each taxon, we included native and exotic species commonly found in urban environments in Central Chile.…”

Section: Survey and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For plants, we used pictures of 5 native and 5 exotic species; for birds, we used pictures of 7 native and 3 exotic species. We followed the method performed by Celis-Diez et al [24]. We asked users to look at photos of different species for a maximum time of 1 min and name them.…”

Section: Survey and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Perceived Well-Being from Urban Parks: Insights from a Megacity in Latin America

et al. 2020

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Urbanization has impacted biodiversity and ecosystems at a global scale. At the same time, it has been recognized as a driver of the physical and emotional gap between humans and nature. The lack of direct contact with nature can have a negative impact on several aspects of human well-being and change knowledge and attitudes of people towards the environment. However, this phenomenon is still poorly understood in megacities outside developed countries. Here, we explore the relationship between ecological knowledge and self-reported well-being in an important urban park in Santiago, Chile. We conducted semi-structured surveys of park users to explore their beliefs, preferences, ecological knowledge of plants and birds, and self-reported well-being. Citizens associated urban parks mainly with “nature,” and particularly with the presence of trees and plants. Trees were recognized as the most relevant elements of urban parks; in turn, birds were ranked as the less relevant. Regarding formal ecological knowledge, respondents correctly identified an average of 2.01 plants and 2.44 birds out of a total of 10 for each taxon, and exotic species were more likely to be recognized. Park users also reported high scores for self-reported well-being. Interestingly, variance of self-reported well-being scores tended to increase at low levels of ecological knowledge of trees, but no significant relationship was detected with knowledge of birds, nor native species. Ecological knowledge of trees was positively related to self-reported well-being. Results suggest that parks can positively contribute to bring people closer to nature in middle-income countries. Improving ecological knowledge can be critical to restore the relationship between humans and nature in megacities.

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“…It is the larger and most intensively urbanized centre in which Chilean bird diversity have been studied. There have been several efforts to partially characterize the urban bird ecology and diversity in Santiago [32][33][34][35][36][37], but they show high heterogeneity in terms of what should be considered an 'urban bird species account'.…”

Section: Birds In Santiagomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also excluded aquatic bird species kept by humans in artificial water reservoirs at urban parks. The resulting avifaunal account was compared to the bird species reported in several partial descriptions of Santiago's avifauna [32][33][34][35][36][37]53], to check if some species reported in the city were being missed in the eBird database (except for the species already excluded by the former criteria). We detected no discordance.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

A citizen-based platform reveals the distribution of functional groups inside a large city from the Southern Hemisphere: e-Bird and the urban birds of Santiago (Central Chile)

Gutiérrez-Tapia

Azócar

Castro

2018

Rev. Chil. de Hist. Nat.

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Background: Current knowledge of urban bird ecology and biodiversity relies on evidence from cities of the Northern Hemisphere, while the Southern Hemisphere is underrepresented. Santiago is a large city from South America, located in central Chile, which is both a biodiversity hotspot and an Endemic Bird Area. This work is a synthesis, which aims to provide a diversity account for Santiago, and to describe the broad geographic distribution and bird functional patterns. Methods:We synthesized a seven-year (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) bird register from the eBird database (21,865 georeferenced registers at Santiago) into a single avifaunal account, along with the observed number of individuals. We complemented these registers by using available literature about Santiago's avifauna (28 references). We investigated the proportion of native/ exotic, migrants/residents, conservation categories, and urban nesting status. We classified Santiago's birds into seven trophic guilds. We plotted species richness and number of individuals for each functional group, by interpolating trough the Inverse Distance Weighted Method. Results:We found that Santiago's avifauna (46 species) is composed mainly by native (41), resident (38), non-threatened species (46) that breed inside the city (31). Some functional groups inhabit a large portion of Santiago's urban surface, reaching high values of richness and abundance. Among these groups are the native, urban-nesters and resident species; even though exotics possess low species richness (5), they are abundant and inhabit the complete urban surface of the city. The dominant trophic guilds are omnivorous (11) and granivorous (10). Insectivorous are the third most abundant trophic guild, and show the highest species richness (13). Conclusion:The functional groups with lower species richness are less abundant and display reduced and patchy distributions in Santiago. This is probably because of the low availability of suitable habitats and/or restricted food supply (migrants, carnivorous, nectarivorous, frugivorous, herbivorous and piscivorous). The high insectivorous richness reported in Santiago, along with similar patterns reported in several cities in the Neotropics, provides evidence to postulate a pattern of high species richness of this guild in cities across this biogeographic realm.

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Biocultural Homogenization in Urban Settings: Public Knowledge of Birds in City Parks of Santiago, Chile

Cited by 37 publications

References 35 publications

Traditional and Local Knowledge in Chile: Review of Experiences and Insights for Management and Sustainability

Traditional and Local Knowledge in Chile: Review of Experiences and Insights for Management and Sustainability

Exploring Perceived Well-Being from Urban Parks: Insights from a Megacity in Latin America

A citizen-based platform reveals the distribution of functional groups inside a large city from the Southern Hemisphere: e-Bird and the urban birds of Santiago (Central Chile)

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