Bioconversion of shrimp waste Penaeus merguiensis using lactic acid fermentation: An alternative procedure for chemical extraction of chitin and chitosan

Biotechnological recovery of chitin from crustacean waste

“…However, one of the most relevant requirements still to be achieved, when compared with chemical methods, is reduction of processing time for total DP and DM. Some authors have reported that DP and DM takes altogether between 2 to 7 days (Sorokulova et al 2009;Aytekin & Elibol 2010;Khorrami et al 2012;Zhang et al 2012;Mao et al 2013;Ghorbel-Bellaaj et al 2013;Hajji et al 2015;Sedaghat et al 2015;Francisco et al 2015;Zhang et al 2016;Rawia et al 2016;Sedaghat et al 2017;Chakravarty et al 2018;Doan et al 2019). Some other authors have reported processing time between 24 to 254 hours (Hoffmann et al 2010;Prameela et al 2010;Wahyuntari et al 2011;Pacheco et al 2011;Duan et al 2012;Flores-Albino et al 2012;Mao et al 2013;Junianto et al 2013;Liu et al 2014;Pachapur et al 2015;Mhamdi et al 2017;Aranday-Garcia et al 2017;Neves et al 2017;Liu et al 2020).…”

“…Additionally, other proteolytic bacterial species with relevant results on crustacean waste DP and DM have been studied, such as Pseudomonas, Serratia, Streptomyces, beside others (Doan et al 2019;Chakravarty et al 2018;Sedaghat et al 2017;Zhang et al 2016;Hongkulsup et al 2016;Sedaghat et al 2015;Liu et al 2014;Mao et al 2013;Zhang et al 2012;Giyose et al 2010;Aytekin and Elibol 2010;Prameela et al 2010;Sorokulova et al 2009).…”

“…Although those methods have been commercially viable, they represent an environmental cost that needs to be addressed. As an alternative, research efforts have been made to contribute to replace chemical procedures by biotechnological ones which are environmentally friendly as shown in Figure 1 Liu et al 2014;Francisco et al 2015;Bashandy et al 2016;Sedaghat et al 2017;Zhang et al 2017;Hamdi et al 2017;Castro et al 2018;Dun et al 2018;Liu et al 2020). Comparatively high cost of their manufacturing process, has been reported as a disadvantage for the use of chitin in some industries (Sini et al 2007), however, a biological method to recover this biopolymer seems to be low cost and feasible to scale it up to industrial level (Dun et al 2018).…”

Biodegradable Chitosan Matrix Composite Reinforced with Titanium Dioxide for Biocidal Applications

“…Chitin can be extracted from the exoskeletons of crustaceans and fungi by a two-step chemical processing: demineralization and deproteinization [20]. A wide variety of chemical processes allow preparing chitosan: solution casting, dipping and spray coating, compression molding, blending, layer-by-layer, and 3D printing [21].…”

“…After the three groups were ready, we measured the OD after the first 20 minutes three times (20,40, and 60 minutes) of the mix preparation, then after 40 minutes three times (100, 140, and 180 minutes), and, finally, after an hour five times (240, 300, 360, 420, and 480 minutes).…”