Bioconversion of Sea Buckthorn Meal Into Physiologically Active Ingredients

Abstract

This article shows the main directions of industrial processing of sea buckthorn fruits: obtaining oil and oil extracts, juice and its concentrates, dry and thick extracts. The article presents information about sea buckthorn, which grows throughout the Siberian region and is an insurance raw material for the region's economy. A description of the properties of this shrub depending on the geographical location and soil and climatic conditions is given, which served as the basis for compiling the characteristics of intensive varieties of Siberian sea buckthorn and considering the directions of processing depending on the composition. It has been established that a large-tonnage waste - defatted meal containing a significant amount of biologically active substances, is not subjected to deep processing, having a good industrial potential. The chemical composition of the sea buckthorn meal of the Altai selection, the extractive substances of which contain organic acids, sugars, vitamins, phenolic, pectin and mineral substances, has been studied. The role of bioflavonoids as the largest group of natural phenolic substances for maintaining human health is noted in view of their high and multidirectional biological activity. The aim of the work was to find an effective way to utilize defatted sea buckthorn meal into a complex of phenolic substances with the possibility of implementation in the conditions of industrial production in Siberia. It has been established in the experiment that the intensification of the technological process for obtaining a complex of bioflavonoids using enzymatic lysis of raw materials and ultrasonic treatment at the stage of extraction of fermented sea buckthorn meal makes it possible to reduce the extraction time from 1.5 h to 15 min with an increase in the yield of the target product by 27%. The possibility of industrial application of the developed technology is determined, the cost price of the complex of bioflavonoids is predicted. Directions for the use of individual flavonoids, which are part of the complex, as physiologically active ingredients have been established. It is shown that the application of the developed technology is possible not only in Siberia, but also in those regions of the Russian Federation where there are industrial plantations and natural thickets of sea buckthorn bushes.