Biocontrol of Lepidopteran Pests

Sree, K. Sowjanya; Varma, Ajit

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14499-3

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The insect cuticle is mainly composed of chitin with proteins, acting as a primary barrier against pathogens (Goettel et al, 2005;Xue et al, 2014). Beauveria bassiana produces chitinases and proteases to disintegrate the insect cuticle, but its efficacy depends on the spore size, conidia germination rate and metabolite production (Varea et al, 2012;Sree and Varma, 2015) and the composition of free fatty acids in the cuticle of the insects (Sree and Varma, 2015;Wronska et al, 2018). Long-chain fatty acids such as capric, undecanoic, stearic and oleic do not prevent B. bassiana conidia germination, but they may cause germ tube autolysis, preventing hyphae growth.…”

Section: Selection Of Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of Alabama argillacea and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to Beauveria bassiana associated with kaolin

2021

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The mortality of the Alabama argillacea and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae caused by the kaolin inert powder and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana were determined under laboratory conditions. Using the caterpillar submersion method, the CG 138 B. bassiana isolate was more pathogenic to A. argillacea than the CG 70, GC 82, ESALQ 634, and ESALQ 645. All five tested isolates caused similar mortality of C. includens. The mortality of first-instar larvae of A. argillacea and C. includens by feeding on leaf-disc impregnated with B. bassiana (CG 138) and kaolin was also determined. Higher A. argillacea mortalities were observed in the B. bassiana (CG 138) treatments, regardless of the presence of kaolin. However, the activity of kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) against C. includens was higher than each ingredient alone, indicating an additive action against C. includes larvae. The mortality of A. argillacea and C. includens larvae treated with kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) was similar, and the A. argillacea mortality was higher than that of C. includens with kaolin and B. bassiana (GC 138) separated. The treatment kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) is promising for the simultaneous management of these two defoliator pests, mainly A. includes. In addition, the monophagous A. argillacea is more susceptible to both kaolin and B. bassiana (GC 138) than the polyphagous C. includens, suggesting that the nutritional ecology plays an important role in the susceptibility of these defoliator species to alternative insecticides.

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Section: Selection Of Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin is produced and used in Brazil to manage insect pests of many orders (César Filho et al, 2002;Sree and Varma, 2015). The wide genetic variability of this entomopathogen increases its importance in microbial insect control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Alabama argillacea and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to Beauveria bassiana associated with kaolin

2021

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“…Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been used as biological control agents to control some species of the genus Spodoptera in the laboratory and in the field (Campos-Herrera and Gutierrez, 2008). Nematodes, grouped in two main families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are obligate parasites of some insect species and more specifically S. frugiperda and are associated with some symbiotic bacteria (Sree and Varma, 2015). One species each of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis have been used for the control of S. frugiperda with an efficiency evaluated up to 100% of larval mortality (Andaló et al, 2010).…”

Section: Control Using Entomopathogenic Bacteria Nematodes and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. frugiperda, is susceptible to several entomopathogens including a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and a Granulosis virus (GV) (Gardner and Fuxa, 1980). Research on the use of viruses as entomopathogens is focused on baculoviruses (Sree and Varma, 2015). For the control of S. frugiperda, Nucleo Polyhedro Viruses (NPVs) have been the most studied (Berretta et al, 1998).…”

Section: Control Using Entomopathogenic Bacteria Nematodes and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae): State of knowledge and control methods

Adjaoke¹,

Adandonon²,

Yotto³

2021

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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The objective of this article is to review the knowledge on Spodoptera frugiperda and the possible management strategies against the pest to identify research areas for its integrated management. A review of the literature shows that S. frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has been causing considerable damage to maize and many other crops since its detection in several African countries and it is one of the most destructive pests to have entered Africa in the 21st century. Several control methods have been developed against this pest ranging from the use of synthetic plant protection products to agroecological and biological controls. The biology, distribution and control methods of the pest are well documented. However, Integrated Management of the pest remains a major challenge; the main control is chemical. Innovative research on biological and ecological control methods will help to overcome the constraints and promote sustainable management of the pest. Very few scientifically proven alternatives adapted to the African context exist. This gap needs to be filled by further research considering aspects such as the inventory of local natural enemies, the performance of key parasitoids and the potential of local entomopathogens for sustainable and integrated management of the pest.

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“…The order Lepidoptera containing moths and butterflies are among the highly diversified insects that are exclusively phytophagous. They are considered as the most devastating agricultural pests worldwide (Sree & Varma, 2015). Yet, clear evidence for bacterial associates playing a fundamental role in lepidopteran biology is scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of cellulose degrading bacteria isolated from the gut-system of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and their potential values in biomass conversion

Dar

Shaikh

Pawar

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera is a widely distributed, devastating pest of over 200 crop plants that mainly consist of some cellulosic materials. Despite its economic importance as a pest, little is known about the diversity and community structure of gut symbiotic bacteria potentially functioned in cellulose digestion in different gut-sections of H. armigera. In view of this lacuna, we attempted to evaluate and characterize cellulose-degrading bacteria (CDB) from foregut, midgut, and hindgut -regions of H. armigera by using a culture-dependent approach. Methodology The symbiotic bacteria were isolated from different gut-systems of H. armigera by enrichment techniques using Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) as carbon source. The isolated bacteria were purified and subsequently screened for cellulose-degradation by plate-based method to display the zones of CMC clearance around the colonies. The identification and phylogeny of the gut-bacteria were reconstructed by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Different enzymes such as endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase were assayed to determine the cellulolytic repertoire of the isolated bacteria. Results The enrichment of CDB and subsequent plate based screening methods resulted in isolation of 71 bacteria among which 54% of the bacteria were obtained from foregut. Among the isolated bacteria, 25 isolates showed discernible cellulose-degradation potential on CMC-agar plates. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing affiliated these cellulolytic bacteria to two major phyla viz., Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The members of the genus Klebsiella accounted for 39.43% of the total isolated bacteria while 31% of the Bacillus strains were enriched from hindgut region. The principal component analysis (PCA) further suggested that the members of Bacillus and Klebsiella together dominated the foregut and hindgut regions as they accounted for 68% of the total CDB. The four potential isolates selected on the basis of plate-based activities were further evaluated for their lignocellulases production by using various agricultural wastes as substrates. The PCA of the enzyme activities demonstrated that potential isolates majorly secreted endoglucanase and xylanase enzymes. Among the agro-wastes, multivariate analysis validated wheat husk (WH) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as most favorable substrates for xylanase and endoglucanase productions respectively. The overall findings suggest that H. armigera harbors diverse bacterial communities in different gut-sections that could assist the host in digestion processes, which may potentially serve as a valuable reservoir of some unique symbionts applied for biomass conversion in biofuel industry.

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Biocontrol of Lepidopteran Pests

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Susceptibility of Alabama argillacea and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to Beauveria bassiana associated with kaolin

Susceptibility of Alabama argillacea and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to Beauveria bassiana associated with kaolin

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae): State of knowledge and control methods

Evaluation of cellulose degrading bacteria isolated from the gut-system of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and their potential values in biomass conversion

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