Bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetables grown in an industrial area

Kipopoulou, A. M.; Manoli, E.; Samara, Constantini

doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00107-4

Cited by 396 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our data indicated that PAH concentrations in lettuce grown on contaminated-soils were markedly high and generally similar to those values reported in the literatures [7,22]. However, PAH concentrations of this study were higher than the LMW and HMW PAH concentrations in lettuce grown on industrial contaminated soils [25]. Furthermore, PAHs from aerial deposition through contaminated soils and dust particles was nearly negligible, as indicated from the PAH measurements of dust samples recovered from plates used in this experiment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…According to Sverdrup et al [24], PAHs (such as Ph, Pyr, Flu, and Fl) with log K OW -values ranging between 3.5 and 5.2 reduced the early stage growth of terrestrial plants. In addition, LMW-PAHs are more mobile in the soil and more likely to adsorb onto the root surface and easily transfer further into the root interior [25]. Our data indicated that PAH concentrations in lettuce grown on contaminated-soils were markedly high and generally similar to those values reported in the literatures [7,22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Similarly, SCFs also varied widely for LMW-PAHs, but less for HMWPAHs because most of the HMW-PAHs might not easily be translocated from root to shoot, particularly for Chr, BbF, DBA and BghiP, due to their low solubility and low concentration in soils. However, a fraction of the PAHs in the roots may be those strongly adsorbed on the root epidermis [25]. The linear regression also shows a strong relationship between the concentrations in soil and root, suggesting that root epidermis contributes a portion of PAHs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals in lettuce grown in the soils contaminated with long-term wastewater irrigation

Khan

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

252

119

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Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) by crop plants from contaminated soils may pose health risks. A greenhouse pot experiment using lettuce (Lactuca satuva L.) as a representative vegetable was conducted to assess the concentrations of PAHs and HMs in vegetables grown in wastewater-contaminated soils. The concentrations of total PAHs were ranged from 1.5 to 3.4 mg kg −1 in the contaminated soils, while 1.2 mg kg −1 in the reference soil. Linear regression analyses showed that the relationships between soil and shoot PAH concentrations were stronger for LMW-PAHs (R 2 between 0.51 and 0.92) than for HMW-PAHs (R 2 0.02 and 0.60), suggesting that translocation for LMW-PAHs is faster than HMW-PAHs. Furthermore, the data imply that root uptake was the main pathway for HMW-PAHs accumulation. The plant shoots were also highly contaminated with HMs, particularly Cd (0.4-0.9 mg kg −1 ), Cr (3.4-4.1 mg kg −1 ), Ni (11.7-15.1 mg kg −1 ) and Pb (2.3-5.3 mg kg −1 ), and exceed the guidance limits set by State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), China and the World Health Organization (WHO). This study highlights the potential health risks associated with cultivation and consumption of leafy vegetables on wastewater-contaminated soils.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals in lettuce grown in the soils contaminated with long-term wastewater irrigation

Khan

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

252

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The uptake of pollutants by the roots of plants, as shown with DDT in rice by Chen et al (2007), is often the first step in food chain accumulation (Kipopoulou et al, 1999). Vegetables of subsistence farmers in the Vhembe district might be contaminated with DDT by both root uptake from contaminated soil and spray-drift from DDT application during IRS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DDT contamination from indoor residual spraying for malaria control

Dyk

Bouwman

Barnhoorn

et al. 2010

Science of The Total Environment

109

108

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oThe insecticide DDT is still used in specific areas of South Africa for indoor residual spray (IRS) to control malaria vectors. Local residents could be exposed to residues of DDT through various pathways including indoor air, dust, soil, food and water. The aims of this study were to determine the levels of DDT contamination, as a result of IRS, in representative homesteads, and to evaluate the possible routes of human exposure. Two villages, exposed (DV) and reference (TV) were selected. Sampling was done two months after the IRS process was completed. Twelve homesteads were selected in DV and nine in TV. Human serum, indoor air, floor dust, outside soil, potable water, leafy vegetables, and chicken samples (muscle, fat and liver) were collected and analyzed for both the o,p′-and p,p′-isomers of DDT, DDD and DDE. DDT was detected in all the media analyzed indicating a combination of potential dietary and non-dietary pathways of uptake. DV had the most samples with detectable levels of DDT and its metabolites, and with the exception of chicken muscle samples, DV also had higher mean levels for all the components analyzed compared to TV. Seventy-nine percent of participants from DV had serum levels of DDT (mean ∑DDT 7.3 μg g −1 lipid). These residues constituted mainly of p,p′-DDD and p,p′-DDE. ∑DDT levels were detected in all indoor air (mean ∑DDT 3900.0 ng m − 3 ) and floor dust (mean ∑DDT 1200.0 μg m − 2 ) samples. Levels were also detected in outside soil (mean ∑DDT 25.0 μg kg − 1 ) and potable water (mean ∑DDT 2.0 μg L − 1 ). Vegetable sample composition (mean ∑DDT 43.0 μg kg − 1 ) constituted mainly p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDD. Chicken samples were highly contaminated with DDT (muscle mean ∑DDT 700.0 μg kg − 1 , fat mean ∑DDT 240,000.0 μg kg − 1 , liver mean ∑DDT 1600.0 μg kg − 1 ). The results of the current study raise concerns regarding the potential health effects in residents living in the immediate environment following DDT IRS.

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“…Because of their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic characteristics, 16 PAHs have been listed as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and studied by scientists all over the world (Kipopoulou et al 1999;Nadal et al 2004;Wang et al 2007). PAHs arise from natural and anthropogenic emissions, such as the incomplete combustion of organic matter, emissions of noncombustion-derived petrogenic, natural petroleum seeps, and as products of biogenic transformations (Edwards 1983;Wilcke 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of sources of elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an industrial area in Tianjin, China

Jiao

Lü

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

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The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometry detector in 105 topsoil samples from an industrial area around Bohai Bay, Tianjin in the North of China. Results demonstrated that concentrations of PAHs in 104 soil samples from this area ranged from 68.7 to 5,590 ng g −1 dry weight with a mean of 16PAHs 814 ± 813 ng g −1 , which suggests that there exists mid to high levels of PAH contamination. The concentration of 16PAHs in one soil sample from Tianjin Port was exceptionally high (48,700 ng g −1 ). Ninetythree of the 105 soil samples were considered to be contaminated with PAHs (>200 ng g −1 ), and 25 were heavily polluted (>1,000 ng g −1 ). The sites with high PAHs concentration are mainly distrib- uted around chemical industry parks and near highways. Two low molecular weight PAHs, naphthalene and phenanthrene, were the dominant components in the soil samples, which accounted for 22.1% and 10.7% of the 16PAHs concentration, respectively. According to the observed molecular indices, house heating in winter, straw stalk combustion in open areas after harvest, and petroleum input were common sources of PAHs in this area, while factory discharge and vehicle exhaust were the major sources around chemical industrial parks and near highways. Biological processes were probably another main source of low molecular weight PAHs.

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Bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetables grown in an industrial area

Cited by 396 publications

References 35 publications

Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals in lettuce grown in the soils contaminated with long-term wastewater irrigation

Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals in lettuce grown in the soils contaminated with long-term wastewater irrigation

DDT contamination from indoor residual spraying for malaria control

Identification of sources of elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an industrial area in Tianjin, China

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