Bioconcentration of perfluorinated compounds in wild medaka is related to octanol/water partition coefficient

Abstract

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been used widely, detected worldwide in the environment, and have accumulated highly in animals. As far as we know, there have been no reports which relate the PFC concentration in wild animals to the physicochemical properties. Therefore, we measured the concentrations of 15 currently available PFCs (perfluorocarboxylic acids with x carbons: Cx, perfluorosulfonic acids with x carbons: CxS) in medaka and the environmental water where medaka live. Samples were obtained from 7 points in Japan (Iwate, Ibaraki, Niigata, Hyogo, Yamaguchi, Ehime, and Nagasaki) from July to September in 2013. Twenty to forty medaka were collected from each point, as well as 2 L of water in a clean PET bottle. PFCs were extracted and concentrated using a solid-phase cartridge, and were measured by LC/MS/MS. The medaka samples were treated individually. C5-C9 and C8S were detected mainly in the water, C11-C13 and C8S were detected mainly in medaka. C8S was always detected in high concentrations in the water and medaka. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of PFCs were calculated from PFC concentrations of the water and the medaka. The BCFs of C8-C11 were increased exponentially with the length of carbon chain. The BCF of C8S (approx. 5,500) was far greater than C8 (approx. 330) or C9 (approx. 480). However, the BCFs of C8-C11 and C8S tended to increase in proportion with octanol/water partition coefficient (log K ow).

Tissue toxicokinetics of perfluoro compounds with single and chronic low doses in male rats

“…The organ samples were minced thoroughly, and PFC concentrations in organ or blood samples of 0.2 g were measured. All samples were measured according to the method of our previous study (Iwabuchi et al, 2015). Briefly, the samples (except water) were weighed and put in 15 mL PP tube with 0.25 M sodium carbonate, then were added of MPFAC-MXA (containing 1 ng of each surrogate).…”

“…In addition to C8S or C8A, perfluorohexanoic acid (C6A) and perfluorononanoic acid (C9A) have been detected in the environment and in humans (Kannan et al, 2001;De Solla et al, 2012;Tsuda et al, 2012;Saito et al, 2013;Pérez et al, 2013;Ahrens et al, 2015;Iwabuchi et al, 2015).…”

Determination of perfluoroalkyl acids in seawater and sandworm samples by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

“…Each sandworm was spiked with native PFAC-MXA (1 ng and 10 ng each, respectively) and SUR (1 ng each). Pretreatment of sandworm samples followed a previously employed method for medaka extraction (Iwabuchi et al 2015) with modifications on using Presep PFC-II SPE cartridge. Sandworm sample was spiked with native PFAAs in 15 mL PP centrifuge tube.…”

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-mediated genotoxicity of perfluoroalkyl acids using human lymphoblastoid cells

“…They have also been used to add stain-resisting properties to fabrics since 1950s. The long chained-PFAAs, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are persistent and bio accumulative (Iwabuchi et al, 2015) and are detected in humans (Cariou et al, 2015). PFAAs are harmful to animals: neurotoxic-ity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in rats and mice after a single oral exposure (Sato et al, 2009) and after a sub chronic exposure (Kawamoto et al, 2011) is suggested to be underlined by its similar effect on membrane potential and increased intracellular Ca ++ shown in paramecium (Kawamoto et al, 2008).…”