Bioconcentration of Heavy Metals in high Density traffic area of Port Harcourt Metopolis, Nigeria

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The Bioconcentration factor (BCF)

Seasonal inventory of Heavy Metals on Vehicular Polluted Soils and Roadside Distance Supporting Arable Crop Production in Umuahia Metropolis, Nigeria

“…The content of Cd ranged from 37.21 to 211.74 mgkg -1 in locations BDR and ABR, during dry season, respectively. These were higher than those obtained from Port Harcourt City (0.02-0.03 mgkg -1 ) (Iwuoha et al, 2015), Ota metropolis Ogun State (0.01-0.35 mgkg -1 ) (Olukanni and Adebiyi, 2012), Jos metropolis (5.15-5.79 mgkg -1 ) (Abechi et al, 2010), Yauri Town Kebbi State (0.14-7.02 mgkg -1 ) (Yahaya et al, 2010) and Qinghai-Tibet, China (0.17-0.86 mgkg -1 ) (Yan et al, 2012). However, the concentration range of cadmium obtained from this study is within the concentration obtained from those conducted in Kaduna and Lagos (Okunola et al, 2008;Atayese et al, 2009), respectively.…”

“…The concentration range of Cr obtained from this study ranged from 4.96 to 78.81 mgkg -1 in locations BD and UZ, during dry season, respectively. These were higher than those obtained from Port Harcourt City (0.38-0.82 mgkg -1 ) (Iwuoha et al, 2015), Lagos (1.58-3.47 mgkg -1 ) (Olukann and Adeoye, 2012), Maiduguri (4.56-24.26 mgkg -1 ) (Garba et al, 2014), Yauri (1.64-22.26 mgkg -1 ) (Yahaya et al, 2012) and within the range of Qinghai-Tibet, China (26.24-64.33 mgkg -1 ) (Yan et al, 2012). The concentration of chromium in the entire samples are far below the value (182.20 mgkg -1 ) reported by Ekwumemgbo and Audu (2006).…”

“…The concentration range of Co obtained from the study ranged from 3.48 to 53.50 mgkg -1 in ABR, during dry and wet season, respectively. These were higher than those obtained from Port Harcourt City (0.08-0.19 mgkg -1 ) (Iwuoha et al, 2015), Qinghai-Tibet, China (8.13-14.54 mgkg -1 ) (Yan et al, 2012). Chromium (Cr) is considered as a serious environmental pollutant, due to its wide industrial applications.…”

“…Concerning the locational variation (Figure 1), the content of the heavy metals in the soils varied significantly from location to location. (Iwuoha et al, 2015), Ota in Ogun State (Olukanni and Adebiyi, 2012), Kaduna (Okunola et al, 2008), Jos (Abechi et al, 2010 and Maiduguri (Garba et al, 2014). The high variability, may be due to the volume and types of vehicle that ply the road daily and, the associated ancillary vehicle workshops/maintenance located along them (Nabulo and Oryem-Origa, 2006;Zhang et al, 2012).…”

“…These metals were selected because they have been reported in vehicular emissions in several studies of cities including soils from Port Harcourt City (Iwuoha et al, 2015), Lagos (Olukann and Adeoye, 2012), Ibadan (Onianwa et al, 2001), Ota metropolis Ogun State (Olukanni and Adebiyi, 2012), Osogbo (Fokayode et al, 2003), Kaduna (Okunola et al, 2008), Maiduguri (Garba et al, 2014), Jos metropolis (Abechi et al, 2010), Yauri Town Kebbi State, (Yahaya et al, 2010) and Qinghai-Tibet, China (Yan et al, 2012). Others include, China, such as Hong Kong (Li et al, 2001), Beijing (Chen et al, 2010), and Shanghai (Shi et al, 2008), as well as the regions in the other countries including Mexico City (Morton-Bermea, 2002), Turkey's Elazig , England's Yorkshire (Akbar et al, 2006), Jordan's Amman (Qasem and Momani, 1999), Greece's Kavala (Christoforidis and Stamatis, 2009), Northern England (Akbar et al, 2006).…”