Bioconcentration and metabolism of pesticides and industrial chemicals in the frog

Katagi, Toshiyuki; Ose, Keiko

doi:10.1584/jpestics.d13-047

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In addition, amphibian skin is highly glandular constituting another possible way for chemicals to penetrate the skin. Therefore, amphibian skin is supposed to be significantly more permeable as compared to other vertebrates, which might lead to higher amounts of xenobiotics entering systemic circulation by dermal absorption [ 4 , 6 , 13 ]. Thus, terrestrial life stages of amphibians may be more vulnerable from this route than other vertebrate species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaption of a dermal in vitro method to investigate the uptake of chemicals across amphibian skin

Kaufmann¹,

Dohmen²

2016

Environ Sci Eur

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BackgroundLiterature data indicate that terrestrial life stages of amphibians may be more sensitive to xenobiotics than birds or mammals. It is hypothesized that dermal exposure could potentially be a significant route of exposure for amphibians, as there is evidence that their skin is more permeable than the skin of other vertebrate species. Thus, higher amounts of xenobiotics might enter systemic circulation by dermal uptake resulting in adverse effects. Heretofore, no guidelines exist to investigate dermal toxicity of chemicals to amphibians. In order to minimize vertebrate testing, this work was targeted to develop an in vitro test system as a possible model to assess the dermal uptake of chemicals across amphibian skin.ResultsThe dermal absorption in vitro method (OECD guideline 428), an established toxicological (mammal) test procedure, was adapted to amphibian skin, in a first approach using the laboratory model organism Xenopus laevis and reference compounds (caffeine and testosterone). Skin permeability to both reference substances was significantly higher compared to published mammalian data. Caffeine permeated faster across the skin than testosterone, with ventral skin tending to be more permeable than dorsal skin. As usage of frozen mammalian skin is accepted, frozen skin of X. laevis was tested in parallel. To the freshly excised skin, however, freezing led to increased skin permeability, in particular to caffeine, indicating a loss of skin integrity due to freezing (without additional preservation measures).ConclusionsThis work has demonstrated that the chosen method can be applied successfully to amphibian skin, providing the basis for further investigations. In future, well-established in vitro test systems and a broad dataset for many chemicals may help assess potential amphibian risk from xenobiotics without the need for extensive vertebrate testing.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12302-016-0080-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaption of a dermal in vitro method to investigate the uptake of chemicals across amphibian skin

Kaufmann¹,

Dohmen²

2016

Environ Sci Eur

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“…The log K ow value of a pesticide is also useful to estimate its bioconcentration factor (BCF) in fish, 9) but less correlation was reported in mollusks, algae, crustacean, and insects, probably due to the different physiologies even within each species. 9,10) Furthermore, either the BCF in frogs 11) or acute toxicity in earthworms 12) is well correlated with the log K ow for pesticides and industrial chemicals. Therefore, the experimental methods to measure log K ow have been standardized by the OECD (shake-flask, OECD 107; slow-stirring, OECD 123; HPLC, OECD 117), and among many theoretical estimation methods of log K ow , the fragment constant approach represented by ClogP 13) has succeeded in estimating the value with reliable precision.…”

Section: Partition Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 97%

Theoretical and organic chemical approaches to environmental behavior and metabolism of pesticides

Katagi

2020

J. Pestic. Sci.

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Investigation of the dissipation and transformation of pesticide through laboratory experiments, conducted in accordance with standard and newly developed designs, gives us valuable information to understand their environmental behavior. We have also been investigating the mechanisms of partition and transformation reactions of pesticides, not only through kinetic analyses, but also through theoretical approaches based on their molecular properties estimated using various spectroscopies and molecular orbital calculations. Furthermore, synthetic iron porphyrin with a peroxide was shown to be a good model to simulate the P450catalyzed oxidation in the metabolism of pesticides. Through these investigations, the knowledge of surface water, soil, sediment, and plants, such as their properties and constituents, was found indispensable to a deep understanding of the mechanism in the hydrolysis, photolysis, and metabolism of pesticides.

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“…Это может быть обусловлено тем, что системы in vitro не всегда полностью отражают этапы метаболизма в целом организме, а также большим разнообразием механизмов биотрансформации ксенобиотиков, присущих широкому кругу живых организмов [48,49]. Особенности метаболизма пестицидов в микроорганизмах, растениях и животных описаны в ряде работ [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. Основными процессами, вовлеченными в детоксикацию пестицидов, являются окисление, восстановление или гидролиз (фаза I), в результате которых образуются модифицированные функциональные группы, которые участвуют в процессах конъюгации (фаза II) с образованием продуктов, которые либо выводятся, либо остаются в организме [58].…”

Section: Genetic Toxicologyunclassified

Assessment of the equivalence of technical materials of analogous pesticides to original active substances on the basis of “mutagenicity” criterion

Ilyushina

Алексеевна²

2019

Ecological genetics

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In the Russian Federation about 600 active ingredients of pesticides are currently registered. A large share among them is occupied by analogous pesticides (generics), which may differ in their properties from the original products due to an increased level or altered composition of impurities. Therefore, to ensure the safe use of analogous pesticides, it is necessary to evaluate their chemical and toxicological equivalence. The analysis of algorithms described in international documents and implemented in practice in some countries for determination of the equivalence of technical materials of analog pesticides is presented. Particular attention is paid to the evaluation of pesticide safety on the basis of the mutagenicity criterion. The applicability of different methods for genotoxic activity determination to confirm the equivalence of active substances of pesticides-analogues to patented products is discussed. A brief review of the results of the researches confirming the need to assess the genotoxicity of all technical materials of analogous pesticides with a view to preventing the entry of hazardous substances into the consumer market is presented.

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Bioconcentration and metabolism of pesticides and industrial chemicals in the frog

Cited by 17 publications

References 77 publications

Adaption of a dermal in vitro method to investigate the uptake of chemicals across amphibian skin

Adaption of a dermal in vitro method to investigate the uptake of chemicals across amphibian skin

Theoretical and organic chemical approaches to environmental behavior and metabolism of pesticides

Assessment of the equivalence of technical materials of analogous pesticides to original active substances on the basis of “mutagenicity” criterion

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