Biocompatible silk step-index optical waveguides

Applegate, Matthew B.; Perotto, Giovanni; Kaplan, David L.; Omenetto, Fiorenzo G.

doi:10.1364/boe.6.004221

Cited by 88 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This may be mitigated by employing sophisticated photonic sensing schemes, such as whispering-gallery mode analysis [20a] and diffraction gratings. [45] The glucose-induced swelling of the hydrogel matrix with embedded grating can change the lattice spacing and RI to produce Bragg peak shifts for quantitative analysis.…”

Section: Hydrogel Optical Fiber Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19] Recently, core-clad waveguides have been fabricated from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives and silk. [20] Among these polymer-based sensors, hydrogel optical fibers are a promising technology for quantifying glucose for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and capability to incorporate functional groups for sensing. [19] For instance, optical polymer fibers based on fluorescent sensing have been reported for quantitative glucose measurements.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21] The stiff hydrogel fibers have been fabricated from PEG-diacrylate (PEGDA) (700 Da), which was not compatible with sensing mechanisms based on volumetric change-induced quantitative measurements in hydrogels. [20a] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glucose‐Sensitive Hydrogel Optical Fibers Functionalized with Phenylboronic Acid

et al. 2017

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Optical fibers are widely used in biomedical applications for sensing, imaging, and therapies. Unlike existing solid-state optical fibers, soft polymer and hydrogel fibers offer physical and chemical properties well suited for functionalization with biomolecules and long-term implantation in the body. Here, hydrogel optical fibers are fabricated with glucose-sensitive moieties and the swelling-induced sensing is demonstrated. The core of the fiber is made of poly(acrylamide-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) (p(AM-co-PEGDA)) hydrogel functionalized with phenylboronic acid. The complexation of the phenylboronic acid and cis diols of glucose molecules lowers the apparent pKa of the hydrogel network and increases the concentration of the boronate anions that enhances the Donnan osmotic pressure to swell and change the physical size of the hydrogel optical fiber. This mechanism is reversible through ester group dynamic covalent binding of the phenylboronic acid with glucose molecules. Dynamic changes in the effective RI of the hydrogel optical fiber are measured through light propagation loss. The sensor sensitivity to glucose concentration is 1.2 mmol L−1 over a physiological range of 1–12 mmol L−1. The biocompatible hydrogel optical fibers may be subcutaneously implanted for continuous monitoring of interstitial glucose concentrations.

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Section: Hydrogel Optical Fiber Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glucose‐Sensitive Hydrogel Optical Fibers Functionalized with Phenylboronic Acid

et al. 2017

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“…To address this issue, a biocompatible step-index fiber optical waveguide consisting of a PEG core and an alginate hydrogel cladding was developed for organ-scale light delivery and collection[7]. Later, fibers having step-index structure but made of alginate-polyacrylamide hydrogel[8] and silk[9] were also demonstrated. Despite the progress, hitherto the underlying materials either suffer from non-degradability or have limited processability and designability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible biodegradable citrate-based polymeric step-index optical fiber

et al. 2017

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Implanting fiber optical waveguides into tissue or organs for light delivery and collection is among the most effective ways to overcome the issue of tissue turbidity, a long-standing obstacle for biomedical optical technologies. Here, we report a citrate-based material platform with engineerable opto-mechano-biological properties and demonstrate a new type of biodegradable, biocompatible, and low-loss step-index optical fiber for organ-scale light delivery and collection. By leveraging the rich designability and processibility of citrate-based biodegradable polymers, two exemplary biodegradable elastomers with a fine refractive index difference and yet matched mechanical properties and biodegradation profiles were developed. Furthermore, we developed a two-step fabrication method to fabricate flexible and low-loss (0.4 db/cm) optical fibers, and performed systematic characterizations to study optical, spectroscopic, mechanical, and biodegradable properties. In addition, we demonstrated the proof of concept of image transmission through the citrate-based polymeric optical fibers and conducted in vivo deep tissue light delivery and fluorescence sensing in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat, laying the groundwork for realizing future implantable devices for long-term implantation where deep-tissue light delivery, sensing and imaging are desired, such as cell, tissue, and scaffold imaging in regenerative medicine and in vivo optogenetic stimulation.

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“…[4][5][6][7][8] More recently, hydrogels have also been used as biocompatible optical waveguides for light-based medical treatments. [9][10][11] Within the large diversity of hydrogel materials, structures based on Chitosan (CS), a linear polysaccharide from the deacetylation of chitin, 12 occupy a special place because the natural origin of CS makes them natively suitable for biomedical applications like drug release and tissue engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ characterization of structural dynamics in swelling hydrogels

et al. 2016

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Characterizing the structural morphology and the local viscoelastic properties of soft complex systems raises significant challenges. Here we introduce a dynamic light scattering method capable of in situ, continuous monitoring of structural changes in evolving systems such as swelling gels. We show that the inherently non-stationary dynamics of embedded probes can be followed using partially coherent radiation, which effectively isolates only single scattering contributions even during the dramatic changes in the scattering regime. Using a simple and robust experimental setup, we demonstrate the ability to continuously monitor the structural dynamics of chitosan hydrogels formed by the Ag(+) ion-triggered gelation during their long-term swelling process. We demonstrate that both the local viscoelastic properties of the suspending medium and an effective cage size experienced by diffusing probe particles loaded into the hydrogel can be recovered and used to describe the structural dynamics of hydrogels with different levels of cross-linking. This characterization capability is critical for defining and controlling the hydrogel performance in different biomedical applications.

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Biocompatible silk step-index optical waveguides

Cited by 88 publications

References 24 publications

Glucose‐Sensitive Hydrogel Optical Fibers Functionalized with Phenylboronic Acid

Glucose‐Sensitive Hydrogel Optical Fibers Functionalized with Phenylboronic Acid

Flexible biodegradable citrate-based polymeric step-index optical fiber

In situ characterization of structural dynamics in swelling hydrogels

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