Biocompatible PEDOT:Nafion Composite Electrode Coatings for Selective Detection of Neurotransmitters in Vivo

Vreeland, Richard F.; Atcherley, Christopher W.; Russell, Wilfred S.; Xie, Jennifer Y.; Dong, Lei; Laude, Nicholas D.; Porreca, Frank; Heien, Michael L.

doi:10.1021/ac502165f

Cited by 181 publications

(181 citation statements)

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“…These include in situ electrode calibration 15 and hydrogenation of carbon microelectrode, 24 of which coating the microelectrode surface with anti-fouling films, e.g., Nafion, base-hydrolyzed cellulose acetate (BCA), and polyenedioxythiophene (PEDOT)/Nafion, remains very popular. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Nevertheless, Singh et al systematically investigated the effects of three coatings materials, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 4 i.e., Nafion, BCA on CFE sensitivity, selectivity, and biofouling with monoamine neurotransmitter as the target analyte. 25 They found that electrode responses to different coating processes and fouling were complex, with some coatings better suited for sensitivity and selectivity (i.e., Nafion), whereas others were better at preventing fouling (i.e., BCA or fibronectin).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Pretreatment of Microelectrodes Enables in Vivo Electrochemical Measurements with Easy Precalibration and Interference-Free from Proteins

et al. 2016

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In vivo electrochemistry is one powerful strategy for probing brain chemistry. However, the decreases in sensitivity mainly caused by the adsorption of proteins onto electrode surface in short-term in vivo measurements unfortunately render great challenges in both electrode calibration and selectivity against the alternation of proteins. In this study, we observe that the pretreatment of carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFEs) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) would offer a simple but effective strategy to the challenges mentioned above. We verify our strategy for dopamine (DA) with conventionally used CFEs and for ascorbate with our previously developed carbon nanotube-modified CFEs. We find that, in artificial cerebral spinal fluid (aCSF) solution containing BSA, the current responses of the microelectrodes equilibrate shortly and the results for precalibration carried out in this solution are found to be almost the same as those for the postcalibration in pure aCSF. This observation offers a new solution to electrode calibration for in vivo measurements with a technical simplicity. Furthermore, we find that the use of BSA pretreated CFEs to replace bare CFEs would minimize the interference from the alternation of proteins in the brain. This study offers a new general and effective approach to in vivo electrochemistry with a high reliability and a simplified procedure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Pretreatment of Microelectrodes Enables in Vivo Electrochemical Measurements with Easy Precalibration and Interference-Free from Proteins

et al. 2016

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“…Early studies have demonstrated its biocompatible nature 21,22 , but it has only recently attracted significant attention for biomedical applications such as implant coatings 23 , biosensors 24,25 and biocompatible capsules 26 . Its amphiphilic structure consists of a remarkably robust Teflon-like backbone decorated with highly polar pendant groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel hydrogels containing Nafion and poly(ethylene oxide) based block copolymers

Fernandes

Kluska

Stanislawska

et al. 2017

Polymer

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We present a novel family of biocompatible hydrogels containing Nafion and poly(ethylene oxide) based block copolymers. In aqueous environment, thermodynamically stable ionomercopolymer complexes are formed, as evident by light scattering and quartz crystal microbalance experiments. Moreover, incorporation of Nafion dramatically modifies the phase behaviour and the rheological properties of copolymer hydrogels. The hybrid systems not only undergo sharp and thermally reversible sol-gel transitions below the body temperature, thus retaining their injectable nature, but they also generate mechanically robust hydrogels. Moreover, ibuprofen was continuously released over a period of 26 days for the Nafion/Pluronic hydrogel, compared to only 3 days for the Nafion-free system. The hybrid gels are promising candidates for 3D-bioprinting and controlled drug release applications.

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“…In fact, the reported signal from the PEDOT:Nafion in acetonitrile was 26 ± 6 nA/μM. 12 In our case and considering the dopamine calibration curve ( Figure S5a), we calculated a sensitivity of 23.6 ± 4 nA/μM. Moreover, the dopamine reaction with PEDOT:Nafion coating is very irreversible, as can be seen by the absence of the reduction peak.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Cyclic Voltammetry with scans from 1.5 V to −0.8V and back, at 100 mV/s for 15 cycles were performed for electro-polymerization, similar conditions used for EDOT:Nafion deposition in acetonitrile 12 and for EDOT:SDS deposition in aqueous solution. Data collection and analysis.-The fast-scan data acquisition system used was developed at the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill.…”

Section: G130mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface PEDOT:Nafion Coatings for Enhanced Dopamine, Serotonin and Adenosine Sensing

Demuru

Deligianni

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Electro-polymerization of Nafion perfluorinated resin and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) with two different surfactants yielded nanoscale improved surface coatings on carbon fiber microelectrodes. Increased sensitivity and good selectivity for sensing subsecond release of dopamine, serotonin and adenosine in the presence of large concentrations of ascorbic acid and DOPAC was demonstrated. Two different surfactants were used during electro-polymerization: sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. With the improved nanoscale coatings, the dopamine signal is increased by 4X-9X, while the serotonin signal is increased by 4X, and the adenosine signal is increased by 3X compared to bare carbon. We measured the highest sensitivity of ∼ 34 nA/μM (5X increase from the bare carbon fiber) with the EDOT:Nafion and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. Dopamine selectivity can be achieved using the full voltammetry curves with respect to ascorbic acid, serotonin and adenosine using distinguishing features of the voltammograms, such as differences in reduction or oxidation potentials and with respect to DOPAC using lower signals. Serotonin can be distinguished from dopamine by the difference in reduction potentials. Furthermore, a shift toward less positive potentials for the adenosine oxidation was observed with the coated carbon fibers. The novel surface coated electrodes can potentially improve in vivo measurements. Neurotransmitters are molecules that allow neurons to send signals to target cells to communicate, influencing behaviors like reward and motivational habits.1-3 Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter of the central nervous system with a key role in Parkinson desease. 4 Since dopamine is electro-active, it can be easily oxidized at an electrode surface with electrochemical methods, for example using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV). 5,6 Other molecules such as serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine and adenosine are electro-active neurotransmitters that can be measured electrochemically. 6,7 The problem is that these molecules, except for adenosine that is oxidized at higher potentials, 8,9 have all very similar oxidation and reduction potentials and it is difficult to distinguish them in vivo. 1In fact, ascorbic acid (AA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) may completely mask dopamine detection in the brain. 10DOPAC is a metabolite of dopamine and ascorbic acid is an antioxidant, both present at high concentration in the brain and may interfere with dopamine.13 Therefore, it is very important to develop electrode materials with sufficient sensitivity and selectivity for in vivo detection of dopamine, serotonin and adenosine.Carbon has been shown to be one of the best material to perform such measurements in vivo. 3,11,12 Previous studies have been done to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of bare carbon fiber electrodes.15 Conductive polymers increase the surface area of the electrode and enhance the sensitivity. Among the various conductive polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (...

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Biocompatible PEDOT:Nafion Composite Electrode Coatings for Selective Detection of Neurotransmitters in Vivo

Cited by 181 publications

References 47 publications

Protein Pretreatment of Microelectrodes Enables in Vivo Electrochemical Measurements with Easy Precalibration and Interference-Free from Proteins

Protein Pretreatment of Microelectrodes Enables in Vivo Electrochemical Measurements with Easy Precalibration and Interference-Free from Proteins

Novel hydrogels containing Nafion and poly(ethylene oxide) based block copolymers

Surface PEDOT:Nafion Coatings for Enhanced Dopamine, Serotonin and Adenosine Sensing

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