Biocompatible oil core nanocapsules as potential co-carriers of paclitaxel and fluorescent markers: preparation, characterization, and bioimaging

Abstract

The present work is focused on the long-term stability and in vitro cellular internalization of newly designed biocompatible polyester nanocapsules prepared via nanoprecipitation approach with mean diameter <165 nm and narrow size distribution, dedicated to theranostic applications. We monitored the optical, morphological, and biological properties of the nanocarriers loaded by multifunctional cargo, i.e., paclitaxel (PTX) and a fluorescent marker: coumarin-6 (CR-6) or Nile Red (NR), by fluorescence and UV–vis spectroscopy (encapsulation efficiency), dynamic light scattering (average size expressed as hydrodynamic diameter, DH), zeta potential (ζ, colloidal stability), atomic force microscopy (AFM, imaging), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM, nanocapsule visualization, and cellular internalization in vitro by human breast cancer MCF-7/WT cells). The fabricated nanocapsules with optimal composition of oleic phase, i.e., coconut oil, palm oil, and Capmul MCM, as well as polymeric shell, i.e., polylactic acid (PLA), poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), showed high loading capacity, long-term stability, and improved localization of the active cargo in studied tumor cells. Therefore, our results prove that the studied polyester oil core nanocapsules provide lifelong and biocompatible nanocarriers suitable for in vivo administration and for diagnostic applications.

Stimuli‐Responsive Tannin–FeIII Hybrid Microcapsules Demonstrated by the Active Release of an Anti‐Tuberculosis Agent

“…This is, as previously reported, merelyaresult of the low solubilityo ft he hydrophobic coumarin 6i nt he aqueous medium of release; [42] importantly,t his low released dose as such does thus not represent any limit of the releasepotentialoft he presentedF e-TMCs. This is, as previously reported, merelyaresult of the low solubilityo ft he hydrophobic coumarin 6i nt he aqueous medium of release; [42] importantly,t his low released dose as such does thus not represent any limit of the releasepotentialoft he presentedF e-TMCs.…”

“…[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] With respect to administration, especially to the human body,i deally such capsules should be fabricated based on ab iocompatibleb iodegradablep olymer consisting of an amphiphilic backbonet hat gives the possibility to bind equally efficiently to the hydrophobic core and cover it but also to have ah igh affinity to water. [42,43] The active releasek inetics should ideally be constant. However, zeroth-order kinetics are seldom obtained, whereas first-order release is the rule.…”

Two-Photon Induced Fluorescence Energy Transfer in Polymeric Nanocapsules Containing CdSexS1–x/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots and Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine

“…High encapsulation efficiency is, therefore, very important for designing and fabrication of successful drug delivery systems as the major factor used to evaluate its quality, usefulness and effectiveness. The amount of encapsulated QDs were assessed by the ICP method and ZnPc photosensitizer by the spectrophotometric method20,30 . High coencapsulation efficacies were obtained for all nanosystems, with values above 50% in all…”

“…Particle size and surface properties play an important role in drug release 13and has major impact on cellular uptake as well as in pharmacokinetics and biodistribution31 .The obtained mean diameters are larger than the diameters of the nanocarriers co-loaded with analogous QDs and photosensitizer obtained by Li et al 8 but smaller than 200 nm and fulfill the requirements discussed in the literature to be appropriate for drug delivery systems by the occurrence of enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect 3, 32 . However, their sizes (in the range 70 -110 nm ) are amenable to avoiding clearance by the kidneys (larger than 10 nm) or sequestration by the spleen and liver (smaller than 200 nm) as well as detection by the phagocytic system, which leads to prolongation of the half-life in circulation system30,[33][34][35] .…”

The matrix-based description approach for the multistage differential-algebraic processes

“…The multistage technological processes are often designed in technology, especially in biotechnology [1], [9], [10], [11], chemical engineering [4], [8], as well as in environmental engineering [13], [14], [15].…”