Biocompatible Non‐Toxic Porous Polymeric Materials Based on Carbonate‐ and Phthalate‐Containing Dimethacrylates

Abstract

Polymer monolith materials of 2 mm thickness with open interconnected pores were obtained by a visible light induced radical polymerization of carbonate-or phthalate containing dimethacrylate in the presence of aliphatic alcohols (60 to 70 wt %) as porogenic additives. Obtained materials absorb water easily and reveal a specific surface area of 3.1 to 21.5 m 2 g À 1 and a porosity of 55-72%. According SEM data the porous monoliths consist of polymer particles (size up to 1 μm) that form 3D structures with a pore size up to 5 μm for poly (carbonatedimethacrylate) and tens of microns for phthalatecontaining polydimethacrylates. Mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow (MSC-BM) of the pig were picked out and characterized. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tests on polymers obtained have shown their non-cytotoxicity. MSC-BMs spread out well on the polymeric samples and retained their viability and typical morphology during 7 days. Adhesion and viability of MSCs on the surface of materials were detected by calcein staining. The data obtained indicate that the porous polymers derived from dimethacrylates might be promising for construction of plastics for bone grafting.

Porous Polymer Scaffolds based on Cross‐Linked Poly‐EGDMA and PLA: Manufacture, Antibiotics Encapsulation, and In Vitro Study

“…Previously, we have shown that the porosity of polymer matrices based on dimethacrylates OCM‐2 and MDP‐2 of about 70% can be obtained when 70 wt% of a porogenic agent is used in the initial composition. [ 9 ] The same alcohol concentration (70 wt%) was used for the synthesis of porous polymer matrices from EGDMA. Figure 1 shows a photograph of a porous matrix obtained from the composition of EGDMA/1‐butanol.…”

“…[ 21 ] The closer the solubility parameters of the polymer (δ pol ) and solvent (δ solv ), the greater is their thermodynamic affinity and the lesser effect of phase separation. It was shown previously [ 9b,21 ] that the value Δδ = | δ pol – δ solv | can be used to qualitatively explain the properties and morphology of crosslinked porous (co)polymers based on dimethacrylates. poly‐EGDMA δ pol value is 19.23 MPa 0.5 ; [ 22 ] δ solv (1‐butanol) = 15.36 MPa 0.5 , δ solv (1‐hexanol) = 17.42 MPa 0.5 , δ solv (1‐octanol) = 18.35 MPa 0.5 .…”

“…Porous polymers were prepared using procedures that were previously described. [ 9b ] Briefly, the photopolymerizable composition was placed in a mold formed by two flat silicate glasses with a 2.0 mm gasket. The exposure was started after 1 min after pouring the composition in a mold.…”

“…The most important factor that ensures the formation of a system of open interconnected pores in the polymer bulk is a compatibility of dimethacrylic monomer with the porogenic agent. Aliphatic alcohols [ 10 ] or their mixtures [ 9a,11 ] are often used as such agents. In this work, a series of linear alcohols with a sequential increase in a number of carbon atoms from 4 to 6 and 8 was used to prepare porous poly‐EGDMA.…”

“…[8] Recently, we synthesized polymer monoliths with a system of open interconnected pores by visible light-induced photopolymerization of dimethacrylates OCM-2 (α,ωbis(methacryloyloxyethyleneoxy-carbonyloxy)ethyleneoxyethylene) and MDP-2 (α,ω-dimethacrylate(diethylene glycol phthalate)) in the presence of aliphatic alcohols and dialkylphthalates as porogenic agents. [9] These monoliths are nontoxic, they reveal good adhesive properties and provide for a high proliferative activity of MSCs on their sample surface. Although the materials have high porosity (70-80%), the pore size is limited to 5-6 µm, thus preventing their use as scaffolds for MSC.…”