Biocompatible Nanoparticulate Systems for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy

Abstract

The sections in this article are Introduction Nanoscale Particulate Systems and their Building Blocks/Components Dendrimers Buckyballs and Buckytubes Quantum Dots Polymeric Micelles Liposomes Biodegradable Nanoparticles Preparation of Nanoparticles Biodegradable Optical Nanoparticles Optical Nanoparticles as a Potential Technology for Tumor Diagnosis Optical Nanoparticles as a Potential Technology for Tumor Treatment Optical Imaging and PDT Optical Imaging Fluorescence‐based Optical Imaging NIR Fluorescence Imaging NIR Dyes for Fluorescence Imaging PDT Basis of PDT Photosensitizers for PDT ICG : An Ideal Photoactive Agent for Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Clinical Uses of ICG Structure and Physicochemical Properties of ICG Binding Properties of ICG Metabolism, Excretion and Pharmacokinetics of ICG Toxicity of ICG Tumor Imaging with ICG PDT with ICG Limitations of ICG for Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Recent Approaches for Improving the Blood Circulation Time and Uptake of ICG by Tumors Recent Approaches for ICG Stabilization In Vitro PLGA ‐based Nanoparticulate Delivery System for ICG Rationale of Using a PLGA ‐based Nanoparticulate Delivery System for ICG In Vivo Pharmacokinetics of ICG Solutions and Nanoparticles Conclusions and Future Work

Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment

“…Classified methods such as X-rays, tomography or mammography require using mutagenic agents on cells that cause cancer, too. Sadoqi et al [1] express that using harmful substances and X-rays in cancer diagnosis are also related to the causes of cancer. To eliminate these concerns, optical nanoparticles in diagnosis is possible technique that can be used.…”

“…This technique works with special dyes to interact with tumor cells and optical nanoparticles can be detected. According to Sadoqi et al [1], preparing a nanoparticulate drug system which has to ability to be photo excited to produce singlet oxygen for detection and therapy is better than classical systems. Such interaction shows that, the detection of cancer with optical nanoparticles is new and developing subject, but it has considerable benefits for diagnosis.…”

“…ICG molecules can interact with plasma proteins such as albumin, lipoproteins and globulins; since this allows ICG to have around the bloodstream. Sadoqi et al [1] state that because of amphiphilic property of ICG molecules give ability to interact with lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules. ICG molecules are also fluorescent molecules that with these characteristics of ICG are used for detection of tumors.…”

“…It is a convenient way in diagnosis; thus very small tumors can be seen with fluorescence signals. Sadoqi et al [1], also indicate that the ICG dose of 400 µg kg -1 body weight was used to conduct in preliminary investigations into human breast tumors. To have better detection of tumor cells, the sensitivity of diagnosis techniques must be considered, and nanoscale solutions in diagnosis are very sensitive and have shown to be less harmful to patients.…”

Direct observations of field-induced assemblies in magnetite ferrofluids

“…1,[21][22][23] There are several examples of successful and prospective applications of self-assembled or field-assisted magnetic nanoparticles from technical applications to medical ones: in data storage, electronic devices, sensors, rotating shaft seals, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic bearings, magnetoacoustic transducers, vibration isolation and inertia damping systems, thermal systems, medical diagnostics, therapy and drug delivery, biophysical studies, and magnetic biosensing. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] In order to engineer field-induced structures 25,32,33 in ferrofluids, it is necessary to understand the interactions between the magnetic particles and the parameters by which the structure formation can be controlled. Our work is motivated by the ability to control heat transport in ferrofluids by the application of magnetic fields 8,34 and the development of the models for thermophysical properties.…”