Biocompatible Materials in Otorhinolaryngology and Their Antibacterial Properties

Abstract

For decades, biomaterials have been commonly used in medicine for the replacement of human body tissue, precise drug-delivery systems, or as parts of medical devices that are essential for some treatment methods. Due to rapid progress in the field of new materials, updates on the state of knowledge about biomaterials are frequently needed. This article describes the clinical application of different types of biomaterials in the field of otorhinolaryngology, i.e., head and neck surgery, focusing on their antimicrobial properties. The variety of their applications includes cochlear implants, middle ear prostheses, voice prostheses, materials for osteosynthesis, and nasal packing after nasal/paranasal sinuses surgery. Ceramics, such as as hydroxyapatite, zirconia, or metals and metal alloys, still have applications in the head and neck region. Tissue engineering scaffolds and drug-eluting materials, such as polymers and polymer-based composites, are becoming more common. The restoration of life tissue and the ability to prevent microbial colonization should be taken into consideration when designing the materials to be used for implant production. The authors of this paper have reviewed publications available in PubMed from the last five years about the recent progress in this topic but also establish the state of knowledge of the most common application of biomaterials over the last few decades.

Investigation of Soft Matter Nanomechanics by Atomic Force Microscopy and Optical Tweezers: A Comprehensive Review

“…The main advantage of soft matter materials is the tunable response under external stimuli such as temperature [ 45 ], pH [ 46 ], light [ 47 ], ionic strength [ 48 ] or dynamical flows by microfluidic devices [ 49 ], among others. Moreover, working with soft matter systems is appealing since most of them increase the biocompatibility of the evolved material, which is fundamental for biomedical purposes [ 50 ]. In this context, many bulk techniques have been devoted to determining the mechanical properties of soft matter, such as multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) [ 51 ], ultrasonic testing [ 52 ], tensile testing [ 53 ] and indentation at the microscale level [ 54 ].…”

Effect of continuous local dexamethasone on tissue biomechanics and histology after inhalational burn in a preclinical model

“…Drug‐eluting biomaterials have been used in a variety of medical settings to provide controlled release of therapeutics limited to local tissues 10–12 . Importantly, these biomaterials are often combined with other required medical management such as bandages or stents.…”

Benzyldimethyldodecyl Ammonium Chloride Doped Dental Adhesive: Impact on Core’s Properties, Biosafety, and Antibacterial/Bonding Performance after Aging

“…The rapid development of biomaterials has forced equally rapid progress in dental materials [ 5 ]. As in the dental materials field, doping or incorporation is the intentional introduction of bioactive compounds, mostly antibacterial, into the formulation of the material to convey anti-biofilm properties to the final material [ 6 ].…”