Biocompatible electrochemiluminescent biosensor for choline based on enzyme/titanate nanotubes/chitosan composite modified electrode

Applications of Electrochemiluminescence

“…Other new biocompatible luminol ECL biosensor based on enzyme/titanate NTs/chitosan composite film (Fig. 7.3) [94,95] and polymeric luminol as the luminophore instead of luminol in solution [96] with excellent stability and high sensitivity was developed for the determination of choline. In the fabrication of former ECL biosensor, biocompatible titanate nanotubes (TNTs) were immobilized on a chitosan-modified GCE via electrostatic adsorption.…”

Enzyme‐Based Biosensors: Synthesis and Applications

“…Therefore, there is still a demand and challenge for new immobilization methods and matrices to achieve improved enzymatic activity and stability. Apart from the previously mentioned matrices, other biosensor supports, such as nanostructured TNTs [10,11] , nanoporous particles [13,130,131] , and metal -based materials [53,132,133] , have been extensively used as carriers for enzyme immobilization. …”

“…Although the immobilization of enzyme onto an insoluble support can effectively overcome challenges generated by the use of free enzymes, such as high cost and limited stability, the issue of biocompatibility should also be considered in constructing such enzyme -based biosensors, because the biological recognition molecules used in the biosensors, such as immobilized enzymes, antibodies, and DNAs, may lose their biological activities in biologically incompatible environments [10] . In addition, the nature of the support and the immobilization procedures considerably affect the behavior of enzyme -based biosensors (stability, sensitivity, and lifetime) because the biotransformation equilibrium of the substrate occurs at the supportsolution interface [200] .…”

“…Among them, biosensor materials have been a fast -growing research fi eld over the past several decades due to their potential application in a various analytical tasks, such as medical diagnostics, food industry, water quality control, health safety, environmental monitoring, pharmaceutics, and bioassays [3 -7] . As a result, various kinds of biosensor materials, including carbon nanotube s ( CNT s) [8,9] , titanate nanotube ( TNT ) [10,11] , inorganic particles [4,12] , nanoporous spheres [13,14] , and polymer membranes [15,16] , have been prepared as enzyme carriers by using established strategies for enzyme immobilization.…”

Optimized antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of titanate nanofibers containing silver

“…[20][21][22][23][24] Due to its good biocompatibility, titanates have been used in various biological processes including biocatalysts, biosensors, controlled drug delivery, and bioscaffolds for cell cultures. [25][26][27][28][29] Furthermore, the light irradiation can cause titanates to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are capable of damaging DNA, cell membranes, and cellular proteins, 5 and may lead to the death of microorganisms. The metallic silver nanoparticles growing on the surface of titanates can not only promote this photocatalytic process, but also enhance the absorption of the photons in the visible light region, to generate the ROS.…”