Biocompatible Composite Actuator: A Supramolecular Structure Consisting of the Biopolymer Chitosan, Carbon Nanotubes, and an Ionic Liquid

Lu, Luhua; Chen, Wei

doi:10.1002/adma.201001134

Cited by 117 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The HPNC‐900/PEDOT:PSS‐based actuator shows a remarkable durability due to the high mechanical and electrochemical properties of the HPNC‐900/PEDOT:PSS electrodes. Figure 5f shows the bending strain‐frequency curve of the HPNC‐900/PEDOT:PSS‐based actuator in comparison with those of other ionic type actuators published in the literature, which have focused on low‐voltage operation 13, 14, 15, 16, 36, 37, 38. As shown in Figure 5f, the HPNC‐900/PEDOT:PSS‐based actuator, operated under an ultralow peak voltage of ±0.5 V, outperforms the reported ionic type actuators in regard to bending strain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroionic Antagonistic Muscles Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbons Derived from Poly(Triazine‐Triptycene)

et al. 2017

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Electroactive soft actuators and bioinspired artificial muscles have received burgeoning interest as essential components in future electronic devices such as soft haptic‐feedback systems, human‐friendly wearable electronics, and active biomedical devices. However, important challenging issues including fast response time, ultralow input power, robust operation in harsh environments, high‐resolution controllability, and cost‐effectiveness remain to be resolved for more practical applications. Here, an electroionic antagonistic artificial muscle is reported based on hierarchically porous nitrogen‐doped carbon (HPNC) electrodes derived from a microporous poly(triazine‐triptycene) organic framework (PtztpOF). The HPNC, which exhibits hierarchically micro‐ and mesoporous structures, high specific capacitance of 330 F g−1 in aqueous solution, large specific surface area of 830.46 m2 g−1, and graphitic nitrogen doping, offers high electrical conductivity of 0.073 MS m−1 and outstanding volumetric capacitance of 10.4 MF m−3. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a novel electroionic antagonistic muscle based on HPNC electrodes successfully displays extremely reliable and large bending deformations and long‐term durability under ultralow input voltages. Therefore, microporous polymer or covalent organic frameworks can be applied to provide significant improvements in electroactive artificial muscles, which can play key roles as technological advances toward bioinspired actuating devices required for next‐generation soft and wearable electronics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroionic Antagonistic Muscles Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbons Derived from Poly(Triazine‐Triptycene)

et al. 2017

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“…[ 41 ] Common IPMC electrodes can be classifi ed into two categories: carbon based [ 46,52,53 ] and carbon-polymer based electrodes. [54][55][56] The polymer referred here mainly acts as an additive for better fi lm formation and adhesion to electrolyte layer. Usually, the carbon nanomaterials electrodes are prepared by casting, fi ltration or self-assembly methods.…”

Section: Structure and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube and Graphene‐based Bioinspired Electrochemical Actuators

2013

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Bio-inspired actuation materials, also called artificial muscles, have attracted great attention in recent decades for their potential application in intelligent robots, biomedical devices, and micro-electro-mechanical systems. Among them, ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator has been intensively studied for their impressive high-strain under low voltage stimulation and air-working capability. A typical IPMC actuator is composed of one ion-conductive electrolyte membrane laminated by two electron-conductive metal electrode membranes, which can bend back and forth due to the electrode expansion and contraction induced by ion motion under alternating applied voltage. As its actuation performance is mainly dominated by electrochemical and electromechanical process of the electrode layer, the electrode material and structure become to be more crucial to higher performance. The recent discovery of one dimensional carbon nanotube and two dimensional graphene has created a revolution in functional nanomaterials. Their unique structures render them intriguing electrical and mechanical properties, which makes them ideal flexible electrode materials for IPMC actuators in stead of conventional metal electrodes. Currently although the detailed effect caused by those carbon nanomaterial electrodes is not very clear, the presented outstanding actuation performance gives us tremendous motivation to meet the challenge in understanding the mechanism and thus developing more advanced actuator materials. Therefore, in this review IPMC actuators prepared with different kinds of carbon nanomaterials based electrodes or electrolytes are addressed. Key parameters which may generate important influence on actuation process are discussed in order to shed light on possible future research and application of the novel carbon nanomateials based bio-inspired electrochemical actuators.

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“…For example the work of Kim et al on EAP paper has sought to use cellulose materials (paper) for ionic actuators [17]. Likewise research into chitosan ionic actuators has shown the potential of these naturally biodegradable actuators [18]. More recently we have shown ionic actuation of biodegradable gelatine [19].…”

Section: Ionic Polymer Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%