Biocompatibility, resorption and biofunctionality of a new synthetic biodegradable membrane for guided bone regeneration

Abstract

Membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) were prepared from the synthetic biodegradable polymer poly-D,L-lactic/glycolic acid (PLGA). This GBR membrane has a bi-layered structure with a dense film to prevent gingival fibroblast ingrowth and ensure mechanical function, and a micro-fibrous layer to support colonization by osteogenic cells and promote bone regeneration. Hydrolysis and biodegradation were both studied in vitro through soaking in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and in vivo by implantation in the subcutis of rats for 4, 8, 16, 26, 48 and 52 weeks. Histology revealed an excellent colonization of the micro-fibrous layer by cells with a minimal inflammatory reaction during resorption. GBR using the synthetic PLGA membrane was evaluated on critical-size calvaria defects in rats for 4 and 8 weeks. Radiographs, micro-computed tomography and histology showed bone regeneration with the PLGA membrane, while the defects covered with a collagen membrane showed a limited amount of mineralized bone, similar to that of the defect left empty. The biofunctionality of the PLGA membranes was also compared to collagen membranes in mandible defects in rabbits, associated or not with beta-tricalcium phosphate granules. This study revealed that the bi-layered synthetic membrane made of PLGA was safer, more biocompatible, and had a greater controlled resorption rate and bone regeneration capacity than collagen membranes. This new PLGA membrane could be used in pre-implantology and peri-odontology surgery.

Design and optimization of biocompatible polycaprolactone/poly (l‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) scaffolds with and without microgrooves for tissue engineering applications

“…Furthermore, no significant changes were found in the pH of the incubation solution, throughout all the degradation period, remaining at approximately 7.4 (data not shown). Our study showed a good correlation between the low weight loss of all membranes and insignificant pH variations in the PBS solution, as shown in other studies with similar matrices and time …”

“…Our study showed a good correlation between the low weight loss of all membranes and insignificant pH variations in the PBS solution, as shown in other studies with similar matrices and time. [37][38][39][40] The surface hydrophobicity of the scaffolds is a relevant key factor for governing cell response, which can be assessed by measuring the contact angle through water spread of a droplet on the surface. 26 All smooth membranes indicated favorable hydrophilicity and exhibited water contact angles of 65.8 6 5.68 (pure PCL), 67.5 6 4.18 (PCL/PLGA 90:10), 67.9 6 3.18 (PCL/PLGA 80:20), 65.7 6 1.78 (PCL/ PLGA 70:30) and 76.8 6 1.58 (pure PLGA).…”

A new insight into in vitro behaviour of poly(ε-caprolactone)/bioactive glass composites in biologically related fluids

“…Porous membranes are mainly used for guided bone regeneration (GBR), as a physical barrier to prevent connective tissue ingrowth into the bone defects and to maintain a suitable space for bone regeneration processes. The controlled degradation rate of the membrane allows to maintain its mechanical integrity and thus spacemaintaining properties over the entire period of bone regeneration on the one hand and to exclude the need for its surgical removal on the other [3,4]. Furthermore, an increasing trend towards the use of polymer-based scaffolds and membranes as carriers for local drug delivery has been observed in recent years.…”

The effect of platelet‐rich fibrin exudate addition to porous poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) scaffold in bone healing: An in vivo study

“…In the case of PLGA scaffold, in vitro studies have demonstrated its osteoconductive properties and ability to maintain space, while preventing unwanted soft tissue infiltration (Shahi et al, ). The efficacy of PLGA material was further validated when, used as membranes in both in vitro and in situ, guided tissue regeneration, with significant bone regeneration (Hoornaert, d'Arros, Heymann, & Layrolle, ; Kawasaki, Ohba, Nakatani, & Asahina, ). The literature showed that PLGA can be used in a number of roles through creative manufacturing and applications.…”