Biocompatibility of Thermally Hydrocarbonized Porous Silicon Nanoparticles and their Biodistribution in Rats

Bimbo, Luís M.; Sarparanta, Mirkka; Santos, Hélder A.; Airaksinen, Anu J.; Mäkilä, Ermei; Laaksonen, Timo; Peltonen, Leena; Lehto, Vesa‐Pekka; Hirvonen, Jouni; Salonen, Jarno

doi:10.1021/nn901657w

Cited by 314 publications

(317 citation statements)

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“…Although the biocompatibility status of mesoporous silicon is still under investigation, it is known that the bulk material has negligible cytotoxicity [9]. Similar positive results have been observed for mesoporous silicon microparticles particles with sizes above 10 μm [10]. Mesoporous silicon is also biodegradable, and the kinetics of this process can be tailored both by modulating particles and size and by modifying the chemistry of its surface [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…For mesoporous silicon systems intended for transmucosal drug delivery, a suitable particle size might be 10-30 μm, since they combine low toxicity with high available surface area for potential interaction with biological mucosae [10]. In this work, we have studied thermoxidized mesoporous silicon prepared by an electrochemical method in the form of microparticles (MS-MPs) as potential drug delivery devices for a therapeutic protein (insulin) and a model antigen (bovine serum albumin, BSA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protein delivery based on uncoated and chitosan-coated mesoporous silicon microparticles

Pastor

Matveeva

Valle-Gallego

et al. 2011

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

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Mesoporous silicon is a biocompatible, biodegradable material that is receiving increased attention for pharmaceutical applications due to its extensive specific surface. This feature enables to load a variety of drugs in mesoporous silicon devices by simple adsorption-based procedures. In this work, we have addressed the fabrication and characterization of two new mesoporous silicon devices prepared by electrochemistry and intended for protein delivery, namely: (i) mesoporous silicon microparticles and (ii) chitosan-coated mesoporous silicon microparticles. Both carriers were investigated for their capacity to load a therapeutic protein (insulin) and a model antigen (bovine serum albumin) by adsorption. Our results show that mesoporous silicon microparticles prepared by electrochemical methods present moderate affinity for insulin and high affinity for albumin. However, mesoporous silicon presents an extensive capacity to load both proteins, leading to systems were protein could represent the major mass fraction of the formulation. The possibility to form a chitosan coating on the microparticles surface was confirmed both qualitatively by atomic force microscopy and quantitatively by a colorimetric method.Mesoporous silicon microparticles with mean pore size of 35 nm released the loaded insulin quickly, but not instantaneously. This profile could be slowed to a certain extent by the chitosan coating modification. With their high protein loading, their capacity to provide a controlled release of insulin over a period of 60-90 min, and the potential mucoadhesive effect of the chitosan coating, these composite devices comprise several features that render them interesting candidates as transmucosal protein delivery systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein delivery based on uncoated and chitosan-coated mesoporous silicon microparticles

Pastor

Matveeva

Valle-Gallego

et al. 2011

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

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“…Silicon QDs as well offer a promising alternative to semiconductor QDs, although their photoluminescence quantum yields (5À10%) are lower than those of CdSe QDs. They exhibit minimal cytotoxicity 46 and were used successfully for in vitro 47 and in vivo 48 imaging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Dot Cytotoxicity and Ways To Reduce It

2012

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T he dramatic increase in the use of nanoparticles (NP) in industry and research has raised questions about the potential toxicity of such materials. Unfortunately, not enough is known about how the novel, technologically-attractive properties of NPs correlate with the interactions that may take place at the nano/bio interface. The academic, industrial, and regulatory communities are actively seeking answers to the growing concerns on the impact of nanotechnology on humans. In this Account we adopt quantum dots (QDs) as an illustrative example of the difficulties associated with the development of a rational sciencebased approach to nanotoxicology.The optical properties of QDs are far superior to those of organic dyes in terms of emission and absorption bandwidths, quantum yield, and resistance to photobleaching. Moreover, QDs may be decorated with targeting moieties or drugs and, therefore, are candidates for site-specific medical imaging and for drug delivery, for example in cancer treatment. Earlier this year researchers demonstrated that QD-based imaging using monkeys caused no adverse effects although QDs accumulated in lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, and spleen for up to 3 months after injection. Such persistence of QDs in live animals does, however, raise concerns about the safety of using QDs both in the laboratory and in the clinic.Researchers anticipate that QDs will be increasingly used not only in clinical applications but also in various manufactured products. For example, QD-solar cells have emerged as viable contenders to complement or replace dye-sensitized solar cells; CdTe/CdS thin film cells have already captured approximately 10 percent of the global market, and in addition, QDs can serve as components of sensors and as emitting materials in LEDs. Given the clear indications that QDs will inevitably become components of a wide range of manufactured and consumer products, researchers and policy makers need to understand the possible health risks associated with exposure to QDs.In this Account, we initially review the known mechanisms by which QDs can damage cells, including oxidative stress elicited by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We discuss lesser-known impairments induced in cells by nanomolar to picomolar concentrations of QDs, which imply that cadmium-containing QDs can exert genotoxic, epigenetic, and metalloestrogenic effects. These observations strongly suggest that minute concentrations of QDs could be sufficient to cause long lasting, even transgenerational, effects. We also consider various modes by which humans could be exposed to QDs in their work or through the environment. Although considerable advances have been made in enhancing the stability and overall quality of QDs, over time they can partially degrade in the environment or in biological systems, and eventually cause small, but cumulative undesirable effects.A combination of toxicological, genetic, epigenetic and imaging approaches is required to create comprehensive guidelines for evaluating the nanotoxicity of nanomate...

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“…In the film, the pores typically pass perpendicularly through the film, which can be detached from the substrate and processed for further use. Several different types of pore structures can be produced by electrochemical etching: from randomly orientated, spongelike pore structures to highly ordered cylindrical pores with smooth pore walls and pore sizes from a few-nanometers-wide micropores to micrometer-scale macropores (Heinrich et al, 1992;Salonen et al, 2005;Bimbo et al, 2010). The control over particle size is especially important when considering different administration routes.…”

Section: A Fabrication and Properties Of Porous Siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%