Biocompatibility evaluation of nano‐rod hydroxyapatite/gelatin coated with nano‐HAp as a novel scaffold using mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

This study is devoted to fabricate a novel hydroxyapatite(HAp)/gelatin scaffold coated with nano-HAp in nano-rod configuration to evaluate its biocompatibility potential. The nano-HAp particles are needle and rod-like with widths ranging between 30 to 60 nm and lengths from 100 to 300 nm, respectively. Because of their higher surface area and higher reactivity, the nano-rod particles were distributed in gelatin much better than spherical and mixed shapes particles. The compressive modulus of the nano-HAp/gelatin scaffolds coated with nano-HAp was comparable with the compressive modulus of a human cancellous bone. The potential performance of the fabricated scaffolds as seeding media was assayed using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-1,5-diphenyl tetrazulium bromide) assays were performed on days 4 and 7 and the number of the cells per scaffold was determined. On the basis of this assay, all the studied scaffolds exhibited an appropriate environment in which the loaded cells appeared to be proliferated during the cultivation periods. In all fabricated composite scaffolds, marrow-derived MSCs appeared to occupy the scaffolds internal spaces and attach on their surfaces. According to the cell culture experiments, the incorporation of rod-like nano-HAp and coating of scaffolds with nano-HAp particles enabled the prepared scaffolds to possess desirable biocompatibility, high bioactivity, and sufficient mechanical strength in comparison with noncoated HAp samples. This research suggests that the newly developed scaffold has a potential as a suitable scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

Nano-ceramic Composite Scaffolds for Bioreactor-based Bone Engineering

“…Dalby et al [19] showed that random circular nanostructures with a diameter of approximately 120 nm promoted and directed osteogenic differentiation of HMSCs in the absence of osteogenic supplements in cell culture media, suggesting that nanofeatures alone can stimulate osteogenic differentiation and mineral production in vitro. Various composite scaffolds containing n-HA have been developed with favorable osteogenic responses [36,41,61]. For the PLAGA/n-HA scaffolds used in this study, the n-HA nanoparticles incorporated into the microsphere surface had an average size of 100 nm providing a nanotopographical feature that may be beneficial to HMSC growth and differentiation [19].…”

Status of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in Iran and related advanced tools: Bioreactors and scaffolds

“…There are many universities and government research institutes in Iran, such as Royan Institute [24][25][26], Amirkabir University [19,20,[27][28][29][30] , Pasteur Institute of Iran [31][32][33][34], University of Tehran [20,35], Tarbiat Modares University [20,[36][37][38][39], Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [40,41,43,45], Tehran University of Medical Sciences [42,44], National Institute for Genetic Engineering [46], Islamic Azad University [47][48][49], Iran University of Science and Technology [50,51] and Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute [52,53] are conducting active research on the development of artificial organs based on tissue-engineering technologies.…”

“…In contrast, natural polymer has the potential advantages of specific cell interactions, but the scaffolds have poor mechanical strength. Therefore, Iranian researchers hybridized natural polymers and inorganic scaffold to combine the advantageous properties of both constitutes [17,20,28,[37][38][39][50][51][52]78,79]. In study of Seyedjafari and coworker, nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) was coated on poly (l-lactide) (PLLA) nanofibers.…”

Клеточные Матрицы (Скаффолды) Для Целей Регенерации Кости: Современное Состояние Проблемы

“…К другим часто использу-емым материалам для приготовления скаффолдов относят коллаген, колла-ген с гликозаминогликанами, желатин, шелк [5, 43,58,63].…”

“…Садовой и др. Клеточные матрицы для целей регенерации кости: современное состояние проблемы мер, хитозана, гидроксиапатита, β-трикальцифосфата, что позволяет изменять свойства основных матери-алов, из которых выполнена клеточ-ная матрица, таких как прочностные характеристики, адгезивные свойства, формирование дополнительных сти-мулов на клеточную популяцию скаф-фолда и окружающих тканей, а так-же достигать усиления уровня остео-генной дифференцировки, скорости минерализации новообразованной костной ткани [9, 31,63].…”