Biocompatibility enhancement of graphene oxide‐silver nanocomposite by functionalisation with polyvinylpyrrolidone

Abstract

Several materials such as silver are used to enhance graphene oxide (GO) sheets antimicrobial activity. However, these toxic materials decrease its biocompatibility and hinder its usage in many biological applications. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop nanocomposites that can preserve both the antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility simultaneously. This work highlights the importance of functionalisation of GO sheets using Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and decorating them with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in order to enhance their antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility at the same time. The structural and morphological characterisations were performed by UV-Visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopic techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The antimicrobial activities of the prepared samples against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were studied. The cytotoxicity of prepared materials was tested against BJ1 normal skin fibroblasts. The results indicated that the decoration with AgNPs showed a significant increase in the antimicrobial activity of GO and FGO sheets, and functionalisation of GO sheets and GO-Ag nanocomposite with PVP improved the cell viability about 40 and 35%, respectively.

Synergistic antibacterial activity of surfactant free Ag–GO nanocomposites

“…The more general attenuation of the hydrogen bonded O-H bands, within the region above 3300 cm −1 , may be related to reduced water content in the Ag-GO and/or interaction of the silver with the hydrogen bonded O-H groups. Appearance of peaks in between 1707 cm −1 to 1742 cm −1 shows the stretching vibration of the carbonyl or carboxyl groups and peak 1588 cm −1 to 1650 cm −1 refers to the C=C (skeletal vibrations of the oxidized graphitic domains) 22,23 . Khalil et al reported FTIR spectra of GO and Ag-GO nanocomposites which also indicated that there is no significant change in GO and Ag-GO FTIR spectra (Fig.…”

“…Moreover, the peaks are observed to be slightly shifted in our results. A comparison of FTIR peaks in this work and reference 22 is given in Table 1. XRD data discussed ahead, supports these observations which indicated that the usual relatively ordered structure of the GO had been disturbed by its interaction with the silver.…”

The destruction of Escherichia coli adhered to pipe surfaces in a model drinking water distribution system via various antibiofilm agents

“…Gene expression evaluation of E. coli proteins generated after addressing AgNPs and Ag + revealed that it does have a unique biochemical pathway, for instance, for transmitting envelope and thermal shock proteins. Nevertheless, the nanoparticles were effective in suppressing bacteria, whereas the Ag + ions were beneficial only in the binding affinity range (Ali et al., 2018; Khalil et al., 2019). This result can be explained in particular by a strong interaction of Ag + with the enveloped cell membrane and cell wall ingredients such as proteins, phospholipids, and electron escapes that can lead to cell imbalance (Abou Hammad, Hemdan, & El Nahrawy, 2020).…”

“…The same concentrations and contact times were employed to determine the antibacterial activity of AgNPs. The survived cells before and after treatment with studied MNPs were counted at three several time intervals, including 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min using plate count viability assay (Khalil, Sherif, Hemdan, Khalil, & Hotaby, 2019).…”

High performance of talented copper/magneso-zinc titanate nanostructures as biocidal agents for inactivation of pathogens during wastewater disinfection

“…On the other side, the standard solution of each examined nanomaterials (0C-MZT, 0.3C-MZT, 0.4C-MZT, and 0.5C-MZT) was prepared carefully. 1 g of each nanomaterial was dissolved into a Falcon tube having 10 mL a sterile distilled water (SDW), and exposed to sonication (15 min) before applying to antibacterial studies (Khalil et al 2019).…”