Biocompatibility and biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and an immiscible PLA/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blend compatibilized by poly(ε-caprolactone-b-tetrahydrofuran) implanted in horses

Carvalho, Júlia Ribeiro Garcia de; Conde, Gabriel; Antonioli, Marina Lansarini; Dias, Paula P.; Vasconcelos, Rosemeri Oliveira; Taboga, Sebastião Roberto; Canola, Paulo Aléscio; Chinelatto, Marcelo Aparecido; Pereira, Gener Tadeu; Ferraz, Guilherme de Camargo

doi:10.1038/s41428-020-0308-y

Cited by 52 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Owning to logistic restrictions, we have not been able to produce aa SEM image from a non-implanted PLA sample. However, this limitation does not compromise the study findings and more information on this non-implanted sample can be found in Carvalho et al, 2020 [ 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our research group recently evaluated the biocompatibility and biodegradability of PLA and a polymer blend based on PLA and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) compatibilized with a copolymer derived from ε-caprolactone and tetrahydrofuran, which was implanted subcutaneously in horses. However, the materials were only implanted for 24 weeks [ 22 ]. Herein, we expand these findings by evaluating the biocompatibility and biodegradability of six PLA implants in a horse up to 57 weeks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Evaluation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Implants in a Horse: An Experimental Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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In horses, there is an increasing interest in developing long-lasting drug formulations, with biopolymers as viable carrier alternatives in addition to their use as scaffolds, suture threads, screws, pins, and plates for orthopedic surgeries. This communication focuses on the prolonged biocompatibility and biodegradation of PLA, prepared by hot pressing at 180 °C. Six samples were implanted subcutaneously on the lateral surface of the neck of one horse. The polymers remained implanted for 24 to 57 weeks. Physical examination, plasma fibrinogen, and the mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) were performed. After 24, 28, 34, 38, and 57 weeks, the materials were removed for histochemical analysis using hematoxylin-eosin and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There were no essential clinical changes. MNT decreased after the implantation procedure, returning to normal after 48 h. A foreign body response was observed by histopathologic evaluation up to 38 weeks. At 57 weeks, no polymer or fibrotic capsules were identified. SEM showed surface roughness suggesting a biodegradation process, with an increase in the median pore diameter. As in the histopathological evaluation, it was not possible to detect the polymer 57 weeks after implantation. PLA showed biocompatible degradation and these findings may contribute to future research in the biomedical area.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Evaluation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Implants in a Horse: An Experimental Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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“…Every biomaterial has advantages and disadvantages, and its structures and surfaces can be modified to meet the specific needs of each tissue ( Singhvi et al, 2019 ; Carvalho et al, 2020 ). PLA is a well-known biomaterial that is also widely used for these applications because it is versatile, cheap and easily manipulated ( Singhvi et al, 2019 ; Casalini et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PLA is a well-known biomaterial that is also widely used for these applications because it is versatile, cheap and easily manipulated ( Singhvi et al, 2019 ; Casalini et al, 2019 ). Furthermore, its biocompatibility is widely known and has been well reported in literature ( Silva et al, 2018 ; Carvalho et al, 2020 ). Nevertheless, variations in the processing of PLA scaffolds, such as the sterilization method used, can affect its use in tissue engineering ( Savaris et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Poly(Lactic Acid) Scaffolds Promote Different Behaviors on Endothelial Progenitors and Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells in Comparison With Standard 2D Cultures

Biagini

Senegaglia

Pereira

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Tissue engineering is a branch of regenerative medicine, which comprises the combination of biomaterials, cells and other bioactive molecules to regenerate tissues. Biomaterial scaffolds act as substrate and as physical support for cells and they can also reproduce the extracellular matrix cues. Although tissue engineering applications in cellular therapy tend to focus on the use of specialized cells from particular tissues or stem cells, little attention has been paid to endothelial progenitors, an important cell type in tissue regeneration. We combined 3D printed poly(lactic acid) scaffolds comprising two different pore sizes with human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) and expanded CD133+ cells to evaluate how these two cell types respond to the different architectures. hASCs represent an ideal source of cells for tissue engineering applications due to their low immunogenicity, paracrine activity and ability to differentiate. Expanded CD133+ cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood and represent a source of endothelial-like cells with angiogenic potential. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that both cell types were able to adhere to the scaffolds and maintain their characteristic morphologies. The porous PLA scaffolds stimulated cell cycle progression of hASCs but led to an arrest in the G1 phase and reduced proliferation of expanded CD133+ cells. Also, while hASCs maintained their undifferentiated profile after 7 days of culture on the scaffolds, expanded CD133+ cells presented a reduction of the von Willebrand factor (vWF), which affected the cells’ angiogenic potential. We did not observe changes in cell behavior for any of the parameters analyzed between the scaffolds with different pore sizes, but the 3D environment created by the scaffolds had different effects on the cell types tested. Unlike the extensively used mesenchymal stem cell types, the 3D PLA scaffolds led to opposite behaviors of the expanded CD133+ cells in terms of cytotoxicity, proliferation and immunophenotype. The results obtained reinforce the importance of studying how different cell types respond to 3D culture systems when considering the scaffold approach for tissue engineering.

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“…Adverse or allergic reactions to polyesters and their byproducts have also been shown to occur in some situations (da Silva D et al 2018). As such, new techniques to tune the degradation rate, such as addition of other polymers (Carvalho et al 2020), novel polyester materials (like foams) (Mikos et al 1994) (Mi et al 2020). Perhaps incorporating LLPS systems as genetic carriers in future RNA or DNA vaccines could be an interesting direction of future study.…”

Section: Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting primitive phase separation to biotechnology, synthetic biology, and engineering

et al. 2021

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One aspect of the study of the origins of life focuses on how primitive chemistries assembled into the first cells on Earth and how these primitive cells evolved into modern cells. Membraneless droplets generated from liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) are one potential primitive cell-like compartment; current research in origins of life includes study of the structure, function, and evolution of such systems. However, the goal of primitive LLPS research is not simply curiosity or striving to understand one of life's biggest unanswered questions, but also the possibility to discover functions or structures useful for application in the modern day. Many applicational fields, including biotechnology, synthetic biology, and engineering, utilize similar phaseseparated structures to accomplish specific functions afforded by LLPS. Here, we briefly review LLPS applied to primitive compartment research and then present some examples of LLPS applied to biomolecule purification, drug delivery, artificial cell construction, waste and pollution management, and flavor encapsulation. Due to a significant focus on similar functions and structures, there appears to be much for origins of life researchers to learn from those working on LLPS in applicational fields, and vice versa, and we hope that such researchers can start meaningful cross-disciplinary collaborations in the future.

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Biocompatibility and biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and an immiscible PLA/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blend compatibilized by poly(ε-caprolactone-b-tetrahydrofuran) implanted in horses

Cited by 52 publications

References 33 publications

Long-Term Evaluation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Implants in a Horse: An Experimental Pilot Study

Long-Term Evaluation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Implants in a Horse: An Experimental Pilot Study

3D Poly(Lactic Acid) Scaffolds Promote Different Behaviors on Endothelial Progenitors and Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells in Comparison With Standard 2D Cultures

Connecting primitive phase separation to biotechnology, synthetic biology, and engineering

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