Biocompatibility and bioactive potential of an experimental tricalcium silicate‐based cement in comparison with Bio‐C repair and MTA Repair HP materials

Abstract

Aim To evaluate the tissue reaction of a tricalcium silicate‐based repair material associated with 30% calcium tungstate (TCS + CaWO4) in comparison to Bio‐C Repair (Bio‐C; Angelus) and to MTA Repair HP (MTA HP; Angelus). Methodology Polyethylene tubes filled with one of the materials or left empty (control group, CG) were implanted into the subcutaneous tissues of rats for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days (n = 32/group). The capsule thickness, number of inflammatory cells, collagen content, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), osteocalcin (OCN), von Kossa reaction and analysis under polarized light were evaluated. The data were subjected to generalized linear models for repeated measures, except the OCN. OCN data were submitted to Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's post hoc test and Friedman followed by Nemenyi's test at significance level of 5%. Results At all time points, significant differences in the number of inflammatory cells were not observed between TCS + CaWO4 and Bio‐C, whereas, at 15, 30 and 60 days, no significant difference was detected between TCS + CaWO4 and MTA HP. At all periods, significant differences were not detected in the number of fibroblasts in TCS + CaWO4 versus MTA HP, and, at 60 days, no significant difference was demonstrated between these groups and CG. Significant differences in the immunoexpression of IL‐6 were not detected amongst bioceramic materials at all periods. From 7 to 60 days, significant reduction in the number of inflammatory cells, number of IL‐6‐immunopositive cells and in the capsule thickness was accompanied by significant increase in the collagen in all groups. OCN‐immunolabelled cells, von Kossa‐positive structures and amorphous calcite deposits were observed around all materials, whereas, in the CG, these structures were not seen. Conclusions These findings indicate that the experimental material (TCS + CaWO4) is biocompatible and has a bioactive potential, similar to the MTA HP and Bio‐C Repair, and suggest its use as a root repair material.

Effect of radiopacifier and liquid in the physicochemical and biological properties of calcium silicate clinker Angelus: A laboratory investigation

“…The results for MTA and MTAHP were similar to Galarça et al [21]. In our study, the radiopacity of the clinker increased after the addition of CaWO 4 , confirming that repair cements based on calcium silicates associated with CaWO 4 promote adequate physical and biological properties [8][9][10][11].…”

“…A recent study showed that MTAHP has a short setting time, radiopacity above 3 mm Al, alkalinisation ability, low solubility, antibacterial activity and no cytotoxic effect, in addition to the formation of mineralised nodules [8]. Moreover, CaWO 4 has adequate physical properties [8,9], antimicrobial action [8], biocompatibility [10], cytocompatibility [8], high pH, release of calcium ions [11], bioactivity [10] and not affect the mechanical properties [11]. Tricalcium silicate associated with CaWO 4 also showed mineralisation induction in Saos-2 cells, indicating its use as a repair material [8].…”

Bioceramics in Endodontics: Updates and Future Perspectives

“…Some studies focused on the evaluation of the performance and clinical effects of existing bioceramics, while some studies focused on the update of existing bioceramics products, such as EndoSequence fast-set putty and BC Sealer HiFlow. There were also efforts to develop new bioceramics such as the tricalcium silicate-based repair material associated with 30% calcium tungstate (TCS + CaWO4), despite the lack of clinical data so far [ 23 ].…”

Influence of bioceramic cones on the quality of root canal filling relative to bond strength and adaptation of the adhesive interface

“…Calcium silicates, hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphates have bioactive characteristics [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and osteoinductive potential in bone healing [8] that allow the proliferation of broblasts, collagen formation and osteocalcin production [10,13]. This interaction with biological tissues has been attributed mainly to dissociation in an aqueous medium, with the release of calcium ions [6, 7,9,14,16,17] and the formation of the apatite layer on the dentin surface [5,12].…”

“…Calcium silicates, hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphates have bioactive characteristics [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and osteoinductive potential in bone healing [8] that allow the proliferation of broblasts, collagen formation and osteocalcin production [10,13]. This interaction with biological tissues has been attributed mainly to dissociation in an aqueous medium, with the release of calcium ions [6, 7,9,14,16,17] and the formation of the apatite layer on the dentin surface [5,12]. However, despite the bioactive characteristics, the high solubility of calcium silicate-based sealers can result in root canal llings with gaps that allow the extravasation of uids and by subproducts of microorganisms to reach the periradicular region [18,19].…”