Biocompatibility and Antimicrobial Activity of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Topical Applications Are Affected by Type of Oils Used in Their Composition

Abstract

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have gained significant attention as tools for the dermal delivery of therapeutics due to their stability, biocompatibility, and ability to improve drug bioavailability. The use of natural plant oils (NPO) in NLC formulations has numerous benefits for the skin due to their therapeutic potential. This work shows the effect of NLC composition on bioavailability in epidermal cells and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Sixteen systems containing fixed (sunflower, olive, corn, peanut, coconut, castor, and sweet almond) and essential (eucalyptus) oils, with different solid lipid (SL): liquid lipid (LL) ratios, were engineered. The structural properties, bioavailability, and antimicrobial action of the particles was studied. The choice of NPO influenced the physicochemical stability by changing the diameter of NLC formulations (between 160 nm and 185 nm) and Z-potential (between −46 mV and −61 mV). All of the systems were characterized by concentration-dependent cytocompatibility with human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFn). The SL:LL ratio in some NLC systems impacted cell cytotoxicity differently. Antimicrobial properties were observed in all 16 systems; however, the type of oil and SL:LL ratio affected the activity of the formulations. Two NLC-NPO systems were found to be non-cytotoxic to human cells lines at concentrations that completely inhibited bacterial growth. These results present a strong argument that the use of natural oils in NLC formulations presents a promising tool for the treatment of skin infections.

Plant-derived nanoparticles as alternative therapy against Diarrheal pathogens in the era of antimicrobial resistance: A review

“…The small size and large surface area to volume ratio gives PDNPs the potential to damage bacteria cell wall ( Shahshahanipour et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020 ) and generates ROS ( Saravanan et al, 2021 ), which disrupt DNA, protein, and cell membrane functions ( Figure 4 ). The ability of PDNPs to alter the metabolic activity of the bacteria signifies an enormous advantage in eradicating them ( de Barros et al, 2021 ). The antimicrobial effectiveness of PDNPs is accomplished when they contact microbial cells via a receptor ligand, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions, or electrostatic attraction ( de Barros et al, 2021 ).…”

“…The ability of PDNPs to alter the metabolic activity of the bacteria signifies an enormous advantage in eradicating them ( de Barros et al, 2021 ). The antimicrobial effectiveness of PDNPs is accomplished when they contact microbial cells via a receptor ligand, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions, or electrostatic attraction ( de Barros et al, 2021 ). The accumulation of PDNPs across the microbial cell and its metabolic pathways influences its structure and function.…”

“…It uses ROS mechanisms to interfere with the bacteria’s cell components, such as DNA, protein, and cell membrane. This interaction may lead to cell death due to increased osmotic pressure ( de Barros et al, 2021 ; Saravanan et al, 2021 ). PDNPs exhibit various modes of action on target bacterial cells ( Table 4 ), including a disruption of cell membrane function, protein inhibition, DNA synthesis, and damage to the cell wall.…”

Design and Biocompatibility of Biodegradable Poly(octamethylene suberate) Nanoparticles to Treat Skin Diseases

“…The physicochemical characterisation of empty POS-NPs, loaded BC-POS-NPs, and drug incorporation into nanocarrier was analyzed. For the application of skin care products, antioxidant activity is one of the most critical factors for efficient skin protection against UV radiation or other environmental factors [ 50 ]. A DPPH assay was used to measure the hydrogen-donating activity of BCs and BC-POS-NPs to explore whether encapsulation influences the antioxidant capacity of chosen pure bioactive compounds.…”

Metallic Nanosystems in the Development of Antimicrobial Strategies with High Antimicrobial Activity and High Biocompatibility

“…A key advantage of organic-based nanomaterials NPs is the tunability of the lipid layer, which can be further functionalized to produce nanomaterials with the desired properties. In addition, they have advantageous characteristics such as chemical diversity, high loading capacity and intrinsic biodegradability [38] and biocompatibility [39,40]. However, compared to inorganic materials, they are less stable by nature, especially at higher temperatures [41], and the presence of potential problems related to immunogenicity and challenges in loading of a wide variety of drugs [42] or poor mechanical and processing properties or insolubility in common organic solvents [43].…”