Biocommunication between Plants and Pollinating Insects through Fluorescence of Pollen and Anthers

Mori, Shinnosuke; Fukui, Hiroshi; Oishi, Masanori; Sakuma, Masayuki; Kawakami, Mari; Tsukioka, Junko; Goto, Katsumi; Hirai, Nobuhiro

doi:10.1007/s10886-018-0958-9

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This could explain why the highest accuracy was achieved for the multichannel combinations including channel 2 (carotenoid absorption), while the worst single channel 5 revealed an unspecific absorption in the red region (O’Connor et al ., 2011). Pollen fluorescence is discussed as having two important ecological functions: UV‐light protection (Stanley & Linskens, 1974; Rozema et al ., 2001) and animal attraction (Stanley & Linskens, 1974; Mori et al ., 2018). Interestingly, we detected exceptionally high fluorescence from Hypericum pollen on all channels with 488 nm excitation (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen analysis using multispectral imaging flow cytometry and deep learning

et al. 2020

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Pollen identification and quantification are crucial but challenging tasks in addressing a variety of evolutionary and ecological questions (pollination, paleobotany), but also for other fields of research (e.g. allergology, honey analysis or forensics). Researchers are exploring alternative methods to automate these tasks but, for several reasons, manual microscopy is still the gold standard. In this study, we present a new method for pollen analysis using multispectral imaging flow cytometry in combination with deep learning. We demonstrate that our method allows fast measurement while delivering high accuracy pollen identification. A dataset of 426 876 images depicting pollen from 35 plant species was used to train a convolutional neural network classifier. We found the best-performing classifier to yield a species-averaged accuracy of 96%. Even species that are difficult to differentiate using microscopy could be clearly separated. Our approach also allows a detailed determination of morphological pollen traits, such as size, symmetry or structure. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest phylogenetic conservatism in some of these traits. Given a comprehensive pollen reference database, we provide a powerful tool to be used in any pollen study with a need for rapid and accurate species identification, pollen grain quantification and trait extraction of recent pollen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen analysis using multispectral imaging flow cytometry and deep learning

et al. 2020

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“…Changes in coloration could indicate a change in the fluorescence emitted by the stigma, anthers, and potentially pollen. Fluorescence, especially in male floral parts such as anthers and pollen, attracts pollinators, serving as an indicator of a food source ( Fukui et al, 2017 ), and honeybees, Apis mellifera , for example, can discriminate between colors and prefer blue fluorescence around 410–420 nm ( Giura et al, 1995 ; Mori et al, 2018 ). Anthers and pollen emit bright blue fluorescence under UV-A radiation and create contrast with the surrounding petals thereby attracting pollinators, such as honeybees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Alter the Reproductive Morphology of Rosa acicularis (Prickly Rose)

Golt

Wood

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide that is widely used in many different commercial formulations. Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are used in forestry operations to reduce populations of plants that compete with merchantable conifers. Past research has found that low-dose GBH applications caused male sterility in agriculturally relevant plants, sparking a need to determine the potential impacts of forestry-related GBH applications on understory plants. We investigated the effects of GBH on the reproductive morphology of Rosa acicularis, a highly prevalent understory shrub within British Columbia, Canada, growing on three operational forestry cutblocks treated with 1.782 kg a.i./ha of glyphosate, in the Omineca Region, and also in a controlled experiment. We analyzed floral and pollen morphology from treated plants and compared these with untreated plants in both scenarios. Pollen viability of treated plants was reduced by an average of 66%, and >30% of anthers were non-dehiscent compared to controls across our three field sites and experimental plants. We also found alterations in pollen and petal morphology in flowers from treated sites and glyphosate residues present in floral tissues 2 years after GBH applications. It is important to fully understand how long GBH-induced change will impact forest vegetation, to preserve natural forest biodiversity and reduce anthropogenic influences on boreal forest ecosystems.

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“…In fact, pollen functions as an honest visual signal to honeybees that react to colour cues of anthers in close proximity to flowers (Lunau ; Mori et al . ). Passarelli & Bruzzone () reported empirical evidence that anthers of Solanum glaucophyllum Desf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

One for all and all for one: retention of colour‐unchanged old flowers increases pollinator attraction in a hermaphroditic plant

et al. 2018

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Long-lived flowers increase pollen transfer rates, but these entail high water and carbon maintenance costs. The retention of pollinated and reward-free old flowers enhances pollinator visitation to young receptive flowers by increasing floral display size. This mechanism is associated with acropetal inflorescences or changes in flower colour and openness, but the retention of unchanging solitary flowers remains overlooked. We examined pollination-dependent variation in floral longevity and determined stigmatic receptivity, pollen viability and pollen removal rates among flower ages in Kielmeyera regalis, a Neotropical savanna shrub. We also evaluated the effects of floral display size on pollinator visitation rates. Lastly, we determined whether old flowers are unvisited and exclusively increase pollinator attraction to young flowers through flower removal experiments. Regardless of pollination treatment, flowers lasted fully open with no detectable physical changes for 3 days. Over time, stigmas remained receptive but >95% of pollen was removed. Pollinator visitation significantly increased with floral display size and intermediate percentages (15-30%) of newly opened flowers. Accordingly, the retention of reward-free and unvisited old flowers increased young flower-pollinator interaction. Our results reveal the importance of a prolonged floral longevity in increasing pollinator attraction toward newly opened receptive flowers without changes in flower colour and form. We conclude that the retention of pollinated, reward-free and unvisited colour-unchanged old flowers in K. regalis is a strategy that counteracts the water use costs associated with the maintenance of large flowers with increased mate opportunities in a pollen-limited scenario.

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Biocommunication between Plants and Pollinating Insects through Fluorescence of Pollen and Anthers

Cited by 30 publications

References 42 publications

Pollen analysis using multispectral imaging flow cytometry and deep learning

Pollen analysis using multispectral imaging flow cytometry and deep learning

Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Alter the Reproductive Morphology of Rosa acicularis (Prickly Rose)

One for all and all for one: retention of colour‐unchanged old flowers increases pollinator attraction in a hermaphroditic plant

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